Editing Bayonne (section)

===19th and 20th centuries===
In 1854, the railway arrived from Paris bringing many tourists eager to enjoy the beaches of [[Biarritz]]. Bayonne turned instead to the [[steel]] industry with the forges of the Adour.<ref group="Note">The Forges of the Adour were actually located in the commune of [[Boucau]] on the right bank of the river.</ref> The Port took on an industrial look but its slow decline seemed inexorable in the 19th century. The discovery of the Lacq gas field restored a certain dynamism.{{citation needed|date=December 2022}}

The Treaty of Bayonne was concluded on 2 December 1856. It overcame the disputes in fixing the Franco-Spanish border in the area extending from the mouth of the [[Bidassoa]] to the border between [[Navarre]] and [[Aragon]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lobstein |last2=Gros |last3=Callier |last4=Marin |last5=Monteverde |date=February 22, 2006 |title=Treaties and International Agreements |url=https://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/UNTS/Volume%201142/volume-1142-II-838-English.pdf |access-date=March 4, 2025 |website=United Nations Treaty Collection.}}</ref>{{Blazon-arms|img1=Blason Bayonne.svg|legend1=Arms of Bayonne|text=[[Paul Raymond (archivist)|Paul Raymond]] noted in 1863 that the arms of the city were blazoned:

Azure, a tower embattled and ramparted of Argent, wavy proper in base, cantoned to dexter with a letter N crowned of Or, between two pines Vert each fructed of seven Or and set with fruit pal, debruised by two lions langued confronting.<ref name=Raymond/>

'''The current arms are Blazoned:'''<br /><ref group=Note>This blazon was effective 3 August 1919, by the municipal council of the city of Bayonne, quoted by René Broca in the preface of the book ''History of Bayonne from its origins to the French Revolution of 1789'', Pierre Hourmat, Corporation Sciences Humanities & Arts, Bayonne, 1986</ref> 
Gules, a tower turreted of Or, masooned, windowed, and porte of Sable on a sea wavy of Azure, Or and Sable in base and surmounted by a fleur-de-lis of Or, between two oaks proper fructed seven of Or debruised by two lions langued confronting of Or; the arms stamped with a county crown.}}The city built three light railway lines to connect to Biarritz at the beginning of the 20th century. The most direct line, that of the ''Tramway Bayonne-Lycée–Biarritz'' was operated from 1888 to 1948. In addition, a line further north served Anglet, operated by the ''Chemin de fer Bayonne-Anglet-Biarritz'' company from 1877 to 1953. Finally, a line following the Adour to its mouth and to the Atlantic Ocean by the bar in Anglet, was operated by ''VFDM réseau basque'' from 1919 to 1948.{{citation needed|date=November 2022}}

[[File:CAP 39 - BAYONNE - La Gare.jpg|thumb|upright=1.5|The second [[Gare de Bayonne]], photographed here in the 1930s<ref group="Note">The second [[Gare de Bayonne]] succeeded an earlier station made of wood and metal built in 1854 at the beginning of the 20th century.</ref>]]

On the morning of 23 December 1933, sub-prefect Anthelme received Gustave Tissier, the director of the ''Crédit Municipal de Bayonne''. He responded well, with some astonishment, to his persistent interview. It did not surprise him to see the man unpacking what became the scam of the century.{{citation needed|date=November 2022}}

"Tissier, director of the ''Crédit Municipal'', was arrested and imprisoned under suspicion of forgery and misappropriation of public funds. He had issued thousands of false bonds in the name of ''Crédit Municipal'' [...]"<ref group="Note">It was in these terms that the newspaper ''Le Courrier de Bayonne'' recounted the event a few days later.</ref>

This was the beginning of the [[Stavisky Affair]] which, together with other scandals and political crises, led to the Paris riots of 6 February 1934.<ref>In ''The week in Basque Country'', T. Laxalt, February 1996. {{in lang|fr}}</ref><ref>Claude Duhau, ''Mayors and Councilors of Bayonne (1831–2001)'', 1999, p. 80 {{in lang|fr}}.</ref>