Editing Battle of the Plains of Abraham (section)

==Aftermath==
In the wake of the battle, a state of confusion spread through the French troops. Governor de Vaudreuil, who later wrote to his government and put the full blame for the French rout on the deceased Montcalm,<ref>{{Harvnb|Lloyd|1959|p=149}}.</ref> decided to abandon Quebec and the Beauport shore, ordering all of his forces to march west and eventually join up with Bougainville, leaving the garrison in Quebec under the command of [[Jean-Baptiste Nicolas Roch de Ramezay]].<ref>{{Harvnb|Lloyd|1959|p=142}}.</ref>
[[File:Sketch for The Death of Montcalm.jpg|thumb|upright=1.5|left|''The Death of Montcalm'' by [[Marc Aurèle de Foy Suzor-Coté]]]]

Meanwhile, the British, first under the command of Townshend and later with Murray in charge, settled in to besiege the city in conjunction with Saunders' fleet. Within days, on 18 September, de Ramezay, Townshend and Saunders signed the [[Articles of Capitulation of Quebec]] and the city was turned over to British control.<ref>{{Harvnb|Reid|2003|p=84}}.</ref> The remaining French forces positioned themselves on the [[Jacques-Cartier River]] west of the city. The British Navy was forced to leave the St. Lawrence shortly after the capture of Quebec, lest [[pack ice]] close the mouth of the river.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.historynet.com/hallowed-ground-plains-abraham-quebec-canada.htm |title=Hallowed Ground |website=Historynet.com |date=September 2016 |access-date=1 January 2020 |archive-date=1 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200101165932/https://www.historynet.com/hallowed-ground-plains-abraham-quebec-canada.htm |url-status=live}}</ref>

The next April, before the ice left the rivers, the Chevalier de Lévis, Montcalm's successor as French commander, marched his 7,000 troops to Quebec. James Murray, the British commander, had experienced a terrible winter, in which scurvy had reduced his garrison to only 4,000. On 28 April, Lévis' forces met and defeated the British at the [[Battle of Sainte-Foy]], immediately west of the city (near the site of [[Université Laval]] today). This battle proved bloodier than that of the Plains of Abraham, with about 850 casualties on the French side and 1,100 on the British side. The French had defeated the British, but the British were able to withdraw within the walls of Quebec, to which the French [[Siege of Quebec (1760)|laid siege]]. A lack of artillery and ammunition, combined with British improvements to the fortifications, meant that the French were unable to take the city by storm. Both sides awaited reinforcements from Europe. The first ships to arrive, in mid-May, were part of a British fleet which had [[Battle of Neuville|defeated Lévis' support ships]].<ref name="Eccles, pp. 182" /><ref>{{Harvnb|Francis|Jones|Smith|2000|pp=142–143}}.</ref> The success of the French army's offensive against Quebec in the spring of 1760 had depended on the dispatch of a French armada, with fresh troops and supplies.<ref name="Francis, Origins, pp. 142" /> A naval battle fought at [[Battle of Quiberon Bay|Quiberon Bay]], just off the coast of France, proved the decisive battle for this part of New France. The Royal Navy destroyed the French fleet, meaning France could not send a reserve force to save New France.<ref name="Francis, Origins, pp. 142">{{Harvnb|Francis|Jones|Smith|2000|p=142}}.</ref>

At Montréal that September, Lévis and 2,000 troops [[Montreal Campaign|were confronted]] with 17,000 British and American troops. The French capitulated on 8 September, and the British took possession of Montreal. The [[Treaty of Paris (1763)|Treaty of Paris]] was signed in 1763 to end the war and gave possession of parts of [[New France]] to Great Britain, including Canada and the eastern half of [[French Louisiana]]—lying between the [[Mississippi River]] and the [[Appalachian Mountains]].<ref name="c190">{{cite web | title=Treaty of Paris (1763) |work=Compendium of Language Management in Canada | publisher=University of Ottawa | url=https://www.uottawa.ca/about-us/official-languages-bilingualism-institute/clmc/linguistic-history/historic-documents/treaty-of-Paris-1763 | access-date=26 February 2025}}</ref>