Editing Austroasiatic languages (section)

===Possible extinct branches===
[[Roger Blench]] (2009)<ref>Blench, Roger. 2009. "[http://icaal.org/abstract/blench-are.html Are there four additional unrecognised branches of Austroasiatic?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303221221/http://icaal.org/abstract/blench-are.html |date=3 March 2016 }}."</ref> also proposes that there might have been other primary branches of Austroasiatic that are now extinct, based on [[Stratum (linguistics)|substrate]] evidence in modern-day languages.
* '''Pre-[[Chamic language|Chamic]] languages''' (the languages of coastal Vietnam before the Chamic migrations). Chamic has various Austroasiatic loanwords that cannot be clearly traced to existing Austroasiatic branches (Sidwell 2006, 2007).<ref name="Sidwell2006">Sidwell, Paul. 2006. "[http://sealang.net/sala/archives/pdf8/sidwell2006dating.pdf Dating the Separation of Acehnese and Chamic By Etymological Analysis of the Aceh-Chamic Lexicon] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141108030716/http://sealang.net/sala/archives/pdf8/sidwell2006dating.pdf |date=8 November 2014 }}." In The ''[[Mon-Khmer Studies]]'', 36: 187–206.</ref><ref name="Sidwell2007">Sidwell, Paul. 2007. "[http://sealang.net/sala/archives/pdf8/sidwell2002mon-khmer.pdf The Mon-Khmer Substrate in Chamic: Chamic, Bahnaric and Katuic Contact] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150616053041/http://sealang.net/sala/archives/pdf8/sidwell2002mon-khmer.pdf |date=16 June 2015 }}." In SEALS XII Papers from the 12th Annual Meeting of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society 2002, edited by Ratree Wayland et al.. Canberra, Australia, 113-128. Pacific Linguistics, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, The Australian National University.</ref> Larish (1999)<ref name="Larish1999">Larish, Michael David. 1999. ''The Position of Moken and Moklen Within the Austronesian Language Family''. Doctoral dissertation, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa.</ref> also notes that [[Moklenic languages]] contain many Austroasiatic loanwords, some of which are similar to the ones found in Chamic.
* '''[[Acehnese language|Acehnese]] substratum''' (Sidwell 2006).<ref name="Sidwell2006" /> Acehnese has many basic words that are of Austroasiatic origin, suggesting that either Austronesian speakers have absorbed earlier Austroasiatic residents in northern Sumatra, or that words might have been borrowed from Austroasiatic languages in southern Vietnam – or perhaps a combination of both. Sidwell (2006) argues that Acehnese and Chamic had often borrowed Austroasiatic words independently of each other, while some Austroasiatic words can be traced back to Proto-Aceh-Chamic. Sidwell (2006) accepts that Acehnese and Chamic are related, but that they had separated from each other before Chamic had borrowed most of its Austroasiatic lexicon.
* '''[[Bornean languages|Bornean]] substrate languages''' (Blench 2010).<ref>Blench, Roger. 2010. "[https://digital.lib.washington.edu/ojs/index.php/BIPPA/article/viewFile/10637/10669 Was there an Austroasiatic Presence in Island Southeast Asia prior to the Austronesian Expansion?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331162718/https://journals.lib.washington.edu/index.php/BIPPA/article/download/10637/10669/0 |date=31 March 2023 }}" In ''Bulletin of the Indo-Pacific Prehistory Association'', Vol. 30.</ref> Blench cites Austroasiatic-origin words in modern-day Bornean branches such as [[Land Dayak languages|Land Dayak]] ([[Bidayuh languages|Bidayuh]], [[Bakatiʼ language|Dayak Bakatiq]], etc.), [[Dusunic languages|Dusunic]] ([[Dusun language|Central Dusun]], [[Brunei Bisaya language|Visayan]], etc.), [[Kayan–Murik languages|Kayan]], and [[Kenyah languages|Kenyah]], noting especially resemblances with [[Aslian languages|Aslian]]. As further evidence for his proposal, Blench also cites ethnographic evidence such as musical instruments in Borneo shared in common with Austroasiatic-speaking groups in mainland Southeast Asia. Adelaar (1995)<ref>Adelaar, K.A. 1995. [http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.692.6923&rep=rep1&type=pdf Borneo as a cross-roads for comparative Austronesian linguistics] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180703220226/http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.692.6923&rep=rep1&type=pdf |date=3 July 2018 }}. In P. Bellwood, J.J. Fox and D. Tryon (eds.), The Austronesians, pp. 81-102. Canberra: Australian National University.</ref> has also noticed phonological and lexical similarities between [[Land Dayak languages|Land Dayak]] and [[Aslian languages|Aslian]]. Kaufman (2018) presents dozens of lexical comparisons showing similarities between various Bornean and Austroasiatic languages.<ref>Kaufman, Daniel. 2018. ''Between mainland and island Southeast Asia: Evidence for a Mon-Khmer presence in Borneo''. Ronald and Janette Gatty Lecture Series. Kahin Center for Advanced Research on Southeast Asia, Cornell University. ([https://bahasawan.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/Cornell-Borneo-handout.pdf handout] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230218201204/https://bahasawan.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/Cornell-Borneo-handout.pdf |date=18 February 2023 }} / [https://bahasawan.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/Cornell-Borneo-slides.pdf slides] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230218201204/https://bahasawan.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/Cornell-Borneo-slides.pdf |date=18 February 2023 }})</ref>
* '''[[Lepcha language|Lepcha]] substratum''' ("'''''Rongic'''''").<ref>Blench, Roger. 2013. [https://www.academia.edu/5562335/Rongic_a_vanished_branch_of_Austroasiatic ''Rongic: a vanished branch of Austroasiatic''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180809120624/http://www.academia.edu/5562335/Rongic_a_vanished_branch_of_Austroasiatic |date=9 August 2018 }}. m.s.</ref> Many words of Austroasiatic origin have been noticed in [[Lepcha language|Lepcha]], suggesting a [[Sino-Tibetan languages|Sino-Tibetan]] superstrate laid over an Austroasiatic substrate. Blench (2013) calls this branch "''Rongic''" based on the Lepcha autonym ''Róng''.

Other languages with proposed Austroasiatic substrata are:
* '''[[Jiamao language|Jiamao]]''', based on evidence from the register system of Jiamao, a [[Hlai languages|Hlai]] language (Thurgood 1992).<ref>Thurgood, Graham. 1992. "[http://sealang.net/sala/archives/pdf4/thurgood1992aberrancy.pdf The aberrancy of the Jiamao dialect of Hlai: speculation on its origins and history] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180130151402/http://sealang.net/sala/archives/pdf4/thurgood1992aberrancy.pdf |date=30 January 2018 }}". In Ratliff, Martha S. and Schiller, E. (eds.), ''Papers from the First Annual Meeting of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society'', 417–433. Arizona State University, Program for Southeast Asian Studies.</ref> Jiamao is known for its highly aberrant vocabulary in relation to other [[Hlai languages]].
* '''[[Kerinci language|Kerinci]]''': van Reijn (1974)<ref>van Reijn, E. O. (1974). "Some Remarks on the Dialects of North Kerintji: A link with Mon-Khmer Languages." ''Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society'', 31, 2: 130–138. {{JSTOR|41492089}}.</ref> notes that Kerinci, a [[Malayic languages|Malayic]] language of central [[Sumatra]], shares many phonological similarities with Austroasiatic languages, such as [[sesquisyllabic]] word structure and vowel inventory.

John Peterson (2017)<ref>Peterson, John (2017). "[http://southasiabibliography.de/uploads/Peterson.pdf The prehistorical spread of Austro-Asiatic in South Asia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180411025821/http://southasiabibliography.de/uploads/Peterson.pdf |date=11 April 2018 }}". Presented at ICAAL 7, Kiel, Germany.</ref> suggests that "pre-[[Munda languages|Munda]]" (early languages related to Proto-Munda) languages may have once dominated the eastern [[Indo-Gangetic Plain]], and were then absorbed by Indo-Aryan languages at an early date as Indo-Aryan spread east. Peterson notes that eastern [[Indo-Aryan languages]] display many morphosyntactic features similar to those of Munda languages, while western Indo-Aryan languages do not.