Editing Astronaut (section)

===Civilian and non-government milestones===
The first civilian in space was [[Valentina Tereshkova]]<ref name="Valentina Vladimirovna TERESHKOVA">{{cite web|url=http://www.adm.yar.ru/english/section.aspx?section_id=74 |title=Valentina Vladimirovna TERESHKOVA |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110423074712/http://www.adm.yar.ru/english/section.aspx?section_id=74 |archive-date=23 April 2011 }}</ref> aboard [[Vostok 6]] (she also became the first woman in space on that mission).
Tereshkova was only honorarily inducted into the USSR's Air Force, which did not accept female pilots at that time. A month later, [[Joseph Albert Walker]] became the first American civilian in space when his [[X-15 Flight 90]] crossed the {{convert|100|km|nmi|sp=us|abbr=off}} line, qualifying him by the international definition of spaceflight.<ref name="Civilians in Space">{{Cite web|url=http://www.fourmilab.ch/fourmilog/archives/2006-08/000736.html|title=Puzzle: Civilians in Space (Fourmilog: None Dare Call It Reason)|website=www.fourmilab.ch|access-date=3 May 2010|archive-date=19 August 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100819002224/http://www.fourmilab.ch/fourmilog/archives/2006-08/000736.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Space.com Joseph A Walker">{{Cite web|url=http://www.space.com/adastra/adastra_joewalker_061127.html|title=Higher & Faster: Memorial Fund Established for X-15 pilot Joseph A. Walker|website=[[Space.com]]|date=27 November 2006|access-date=3 May 2010|archive-date=13 July 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070713235129/http://www.space.com/adastra/adastra_joewalker_061127.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Walker had joined the US Army Air Force but was not a member during his flight.
The first people in space who had never been a member of any country's armed forces were both [[Konstantin Feoktistov]] and [[Boris Yegorov]] aboard [[Voskhod 1]].

The first non-governmental space traveler was [[Byron K. Lichtenberg]], a researcher from the [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] who flew on [[STS-9]] in 1983.<ref name="lichten">{{cite web|url=http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/lichtenberg-bk.html|title=Byron K. Lichtenberg Biography|access-date=4 October 2007 |publisher=NASA|year=2002|author=NASA| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070919000449/http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/lichtenberg-bk.html| archive-date= 19 September 2007 | url-status= live}}</ref> In December 1990, [[Toyohiro Akiyama]] became the first paying space traveler and the first journalist in space for [[Tokyo Broadcasting System]], a visit to [[Mir]] as part of an estimated $12&nbsp;million (USD) deal with a Japanese TV station, although at the time, the term used to refer to Akiyama was "Research Cosmonaut".<ref name="smith">{{cite web|url=http://www.nasm.si.edu/exhibitions/GAL114/SpaceRace/sec500/sec535.htm|title=Paying for a Ride|access-date=4 October 2007 |publisher=Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum|year=2007|author=Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20071026073942/http://www.nasm.si.edu/exhibitions/gal114/SpaceRace/sec500/sec535.htm| archive-date= 26 October 2007 | url-status= live}}</ref><ref name="bbc1">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/static/in_depth/sci_tech/2001/mir/1990.stm|title=Mir Space Station 1986–2001|access-date=4 October 2007|work=BBC News|year=1990|author=BBC News|archive-date=25 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225030425/http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/static/in_depth/sci_tech/2001/mir/1990.stm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="de">{{cite web|url=http://www.spacefacts.de/bios/international/english/akiyama_toyohiro.htm|title=Akiyama|access-date=4 October 2007 |publisher=Spacefacts|year=1990|author=Spacefacts| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070930033534/http://www.spacefacts.de/bios/international/english/akiyama_toyohiro.htm| archive-date= 30 September 2007 | url-status= live}}</ref> Akiyama suffered severe [[space adaptation syndrome|space sickness]] during his mission, which affected his productivity.<ref name="bbc1"/>

The first self-funded [[space tourist]] was [[Dennis Tito]] on board the Russian spacecraft Soyuz TM-3 on 28 April 2001.