Editing Arrest warrant (section)

===Adequate showing of probable cause===
Probable cause can be based on either direct observation by the police officer, or on hearsay information provided by others. Information the police bring to the neutral and detached magistrate must establish that—considering the police officer's experience and training—the officer knows facts, either through personal observation or through hearsay, that would suggest to a [[Reasonable person|reasonable, prudent person]] that the individual named in the warrant committed or was committing a crime.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Hearsay Evidence as a Basis for Prosecution, Arrest and Search|journal=Indiana Law Journal|date=Spring 1957|volume=32|issue=3|url=http://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2796&context=ilj|access-date=13 August 2017}}</ref>

From 1964 to 1983, a constitutionally adequate affidavit comprised exclusively or primarily of hearsay information had to contain information suggesting to the examining magistrate that (1) the hearsay declarant supplying the information to the police was a credible person, and (2) that the hearsay declarant had a strong basis of knowledge for the alleged facts.<ref>[[Aguilar v. Texas|Aguilar v. Texas, 378 U.S. 108 (1964)]]</ref> Since 1983, a constitutionally sufficient affidavit must support a conclusion by a reviewing magistrate that the "[[totality of the circumstances]]" suggest that there is a fair probability that the facts the police relied on for probable cause to arrest are valid; the magistrate balances "the relative weights of all the various indicia of reliability (and unreliability) attending an informant's tip."<ref>[[Illinois v. Gates|Illinois v. Gates, 462 U.S. 213]]</ref>