Editing Anzac Day (section)

==Dawn service and commemoration in Australia==

===Dawn service===
[[File:Anzacday08-1-.JPG|thumb|The wreath-laying at the 2008 dawn service at the Australian War Memorial at [[Hyde Park Corner]], London]]
A dawn service was held on the [[Western Front (World War I)|Western Front]] by an Australian battalion on the first anniversary of the Gallipoli landing on 25 April 1916, and historians agree that in Australia dawn services spontaneously popped up around the country to commemorate the fallen at Gallipoli in the years after this. The timing of the dawn service is based on the time that the ANZAC forces started the landing on the Gallipoli peninsula, but also has origins in a combination of military, symbolic and religious traditions. Various stories name different towns as having the first ever service in Australia, including [[Albany, Western Australia]], but no definite proof has been found to corroborate any of them. In [[Rockhampton, Queensland]] on 26 April 1916, over 600 people attended an interdenominational service that started at 6.30&nbsp;am. However, the dawn service held at the [[Sydney Cenotaph]] in 1928 can lay claim to being the first of a continuous tradition.<ref name =ABCFF>{{cite web|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-04-24/the-anzac-day-dawn-service/6393456|title=Fact file: The origins of the Anzac dawn service|publisher=ABC News|location=Australia|date=24 April 2015|access-date=23 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181123005847/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-04-24/the-anzac-day-dawn-service/6393456|archive-date=23 November 2018}}</ref> The 1931 service at the Cenotaph was the first attended by the Governor and representatives of state and federal governments.<ref name=Sydney/>

Dawn services were originally very simple and in many cases they were restricted to veterans only, to remember and reflect among the comrades with whom they shared a special bond. Before dawn the gathered veterans would be ordered to stand-to and a lone bugler would play the "[[Last Post]]". [[Two-minute silence|Two minutes of silence]] would follow, concluded with the "[[Reveille]]". In more recent times the families of veterans and the general public have been encouraged to take part in dawn services. Some of the ceremonies have also become more elaborate, incorporating hymns, prayer readings, laying of wreaths, laments and the playing of the [[Australian national anthem]], but others have retained the simple format of the dawn stand-to.<ref name=awmtradition/><ref name="AWM tradition"/><ref name=Defence>{{cite web|url=http://www.defence.gov.au/Ceremonial/AnzacDayHandyHints.asp|title=Anzac Day handy hints|access-date=22 November 2018|archive-date=22 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181122050247/http://www.defence.gov.au/Ceremonial/AnzacDayHandyHints.asp|author=Australian Government, Dept of Defence}}</ref> The fourth stanza of [[Laurence Binyon]]'s poem "[[s: For the Fallen|For the Fallen]]" (known as the "[[Ode of Remembrance]]", or simply as "the Ode") is often recited.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-04-24/history-of-the-anzac-day-ode-or-remembrance/7353860|title=Anzac Day: The Ode of Remembrance is taken from the Laurence Binyon poem for the Fallen|last=McLoughlin|first=Chris|publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation|date=24 April 2016|access-date=23 November 2018|archive-date=23 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181123112427/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-04-24/history-of-the-anzac-day-ode-or-remembrance/7353860}}</ref>
[[File:2013-04-25 AWM Anzac Dawn - Ben Roberts-Smith VC.jpg|thumb|[[Australian War Memorial]] Anzac Day [[#Dawn service|dawn service]], 25 April 2013. The crowd of around 35,000 people is addressed by [[Corporal]] [[Ben Roberts-Smith]] {{post-nominals|country=AUS|VC|MG}} who is reading stories and anecdotes from Australian service men and women relating to the [[War in Afghanistan (2001–present)|war in Afghanistan]].]]

===Commemorative services and traditions===
Despite federation being proclaimed in Australia in 1901, it is argued that the national identity of Australia was largely forged during the violent conflict of World War I,<ref name=Thousands>[http://www.smh.com.au/news/world/thousands-mark-anzac-day-at-gallipoli/2007/04/25/1177459765055.html "Thousands mark Anzac Day at Gallipoli"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140514114727/http://www.smh.com.au/news/world/thousands-mark-anzac-day-at-gallipoli/2007/04/25/1177459765055.html |date=14 May 2014}}, ''The Sydney Morning Herald'', 25 April 2007</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/newsitems/200604/s1623517.htm|title=Anzac Day remembered across the globe|publisher=ABC News|location=Australia|date=25 April 2006|access-date=10 May 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060428070839/http://www.abc.net.au/news/newsitems/200604/s1623517.htm|archive-date=28 April 2006}}</ref> and the most iconic event in the war for most Australians was the landing at [[Gallipoli]]. Dr. Paul Skrebels of the University of South Australia has noted that Anzac Day has continued to grow in popularity;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.unisa.edu.au/news/2006/230406.asp|title=A changing past: the contemporary Anzac tradition|work=[[University of South Australia]]|date=21 April 2006|access-date=10 May 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070608092857/http://www.unisa.edu.au/news/2006/230406.asp|archive-date=8 June 2007}}</ref> even the threat of a terrorist attack at the Gallipoli site in 2004<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2004/04/11/1081621837979.html?from=storyrhs|title=Travel ban slapped on military amid fears of Gallipoli terrorist attack|author=Cynthia Banham|work=The Sydney Morning Herald/[[Australian Associated Press|AAP]]|date=12 April 2004|access-date=10 May 2007|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070312125553/http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2004/04/11/1081621837979.html?from=storyrhs|archive-date=12 March 2007}}</ref> did not deter some 15,000 Australians from making the pilgrimage to Turkey to commemorate the fallen ANZAC troops.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2004/04/25/1082831420031.html?from=storyrhs|title=15,000 attend dawn service|date=25 April 2004|work=The Age|access-date=10 May 2007|location=Melbourne, Australia|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104180747/http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2004/04/25/1082831420031.html?from=storyrhs|archive-date=4 November 2012}}</ref>

[[File:Anzac1.JPG|thumb|upright|The [[Last Post]] is played at an Anzac Day ceremony in [[Port Melbourne, Victoria]], 25 April 2005. Ceremonies like this are held in virtually every suburb and town in Australia and New Zealand on Anzac Day each year.]]

In cities and towns nationwide, marches by veterans from all past wars, as well as current serving members of the [[Australian Defence Force]] and Reserves, allied veterans, [[Australian Defence Force Cadets]] and [[Australian Air League]], members of [[Scouts Australia]], [[Guides Australia]], and other service groups take place. The Anzac Day March from each state capital is televised live with commentary.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/tv/guide/netw/200404/highlights/224813.htm|title=Program summary, Anzac Day March 2004|publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation|access-date=23 November 2018|archive-date=23 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181123114115/http://www.abc.net.au/tv/guide/netw/200404/highlights/224813.htm}}</ref> These events are generally followed by social gatherings of veterans, hosted either in a [[public house]] or in an [[Returned and Services League of Australia|RSL]] club, often including a traditional Australian gambling game called [[two-up]], which was an extremely popular pastime with ANZAC soldiers.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamentary_Library/pubs/rp/rp1617/Quick_Guides/TraditionsRituals|title=Anzac Day traditions and rituals: a quick guide|publisher=Parliament of Australia|access-date=23 November 2018|archive-date=23 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181123115409/https://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamentary_Library/pubs/rp/rp1617/Quick_Guides/TraditionsRituals}}</ref> (In most Australian states and territories, gambling is forbidden outside of licensed venues; however, due to the significance of this tradition, two-up is legal only on Anzac Day.)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.findlaw.com.au/articles/5167/why-is-two-up-only-played-on-anzac-day.aspx|access-date=23 November 2018|title=Why is two-up only played on Anzac Day?|work=FindLaw|archive-date=23 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181123113352/http://www.findlaw.com.au/articles/5167/why-is-two-up-only-played-on-anzac-day.aspx}}</ref>

A National Ceremony is held at the Australian War Memorial, starting at 10:30 am, with the traditional order of service including the Commemorative Address, wreath laying, hymns, the sounding of the Last Post, observance of one minute's silence, and the national anthems of Australia and New Zealand.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.awm.gov.au/commemoration/anzac-day/national-ceremony|date=22 November 2018|archive-date=22 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181122053552/https://www.awm.gov.au/commemoration/anzac-day/national-ceremony|title=National Ceremony|author=Australian War Memorial}}</ref> Families often place artificial [[Papaver rhoeas|red poppies]] beside the names of relatives on the Memorial's Roll of Honour. Sprigs of [[rosemary]] or [[lauraceae|laurel]] are often worn on lapels.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.anzacday.org.au/education/tff/rosemary.html|title=Rosemary|publisher=anzacday.org.au|access-date=27 April 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080323181037/http://www.anzacday.org.au/education/tff/rosemary.html|archive-date=23 March 2008}}</ref><ref name=Defence/>

Although commemoration events are always held on 25 April, most states and territories currently observe a substitute public holiday on the following Monday when Anzac Day falls on a Sunday. When Anzac Day falls on Easter Monday, such as in 2011, the Easter Monday holiday is transferred to Tuesday.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://australia.gov.au/topics/australian-facts-and-figures/public-holidays|title=Public Holidays|publisher=Australian Government|access-date=26 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110430213338/http://australia.gov.au/topics/australian-facts-and-figures/public-holidays|archive-date=30 April 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> This followed a 2008 meeting of the [[Council for the Australian Federation]] in which the states and territories made an in-principle agreement to work towards making this a universal practice.<ref name=CAF>{{cite web|title=Council for the Australian Federation Communique|date=12 September 2008|url=http://www.caf.gov.au/Documents/CAF%20Communique%20-%2012%20Sep%202008.doc|access-date=25 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110422141812/http://www.caf.gov.au/Documents/CAF%20Communique%20-%2012%20Sep%202008.doc|archive-date=22 April 2011}}</ref> However, in 2009, the [[Legislative Council of Tasmania]] rejected a bill amendment that would have enabled the substitute holiday in that state.<ref name=Singh>{{cite web|title=Anzac Day holiday|work=Lisa Singh, MP Minister for Workplace Relations (Media Release)|publisher=Tasmanian Government Communications Unit|date=10 February 2010|url=http://www.media.tas.gov.au/release.php?id=29267|access-date=9 April 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706122800/http://www.media.tas.gov.au/release.php?id=29267|archive-date=6 July 2011}}</ref>

===Commemorative postage stamps===
[[Australia Post]] has issued stamps over the years to [[Commemorative stamp|commemorate]] Anzac Day, the first being in 1935 for the 20th anniversary of the Gallipoli landings.

The list of issued stamps includes:{{Better source needed|date=April 2018}}
* 1935 – 20th Anniversary (2 values) 2d Red and 1/- Black featuring the [[Cenotaph|London Cenotaph]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article2387619|title=Anzac Stamps|newspaper=[[The Canberra Times]]|volume=9|issue=2344|location=Australian Capital Territory, Australia|date=19 March 1935|access-date=24 April 2019|page=2|via=National Library of Australia|archive-date=4 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210704005358/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/2387619|url-status=live}}</ref>
* 1955 – the then current 3½d Purple Nursing [[commemorative stamp]] was [[Private overprint|privately overprinted]] with the words "ANZAC 1915–1955 40 YEARS [[Ode of Remembrance|LEST WE FORGET]]" and a value ranging from 1d to £1 was also added which was the [[Semi-postal|fundraising]] amount in addition to the legal cost of stamp of which the [[Denomination (postage stamp)|denomination]] was 3½d. Eight values were issued and were intended to raise funds for the Anzac commemorations. It is believed these stamps were authorised by the secretary of a leading Melbourne [[Returned and Services League of Australia|RSL]] club.
* 1965 – 50th Anniversary (3 values) 5d Khaki, 8d Blue and 2/3 Maroon featuring [[John Simpson Kirkpatrick|Simpson and his donkey]].<ref name=adb>{{cite encyclopedia|last1=Walsh|first1=G.P.|title=John Simpson Kirkpatrick (1892–1915)|url=http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/kirkpatrick-john-simpson-6975|encyclopedia=Australian Dictionary of Biography|publisher=Australian National University|access-date=24 April 2019|archive-date=6 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006105142/http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/kirkpatrick-john-simpson-6975|url-status=live}}</ref>
* 1990 – 75th Anniversary (5 values) 41¢ x 2, 65¢, $1, and $1.10 all featuring various Anzac themes.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.smh.com.au/national/the-anzac-evolution-20140418-36wbj.html|title=The Anzac evolution|first=Tony|last=Wright|date=19 April 2014|work=The Sydney Morning Herald|access-date=24 April 2019|archive-date=24 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190424191303/https://www.smh.com.au/national/the-anzac-evolution-20140418-36wbj.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
* 2000 – ANZAC legends (4 values) 45¢ x 4 featuring [[Walter Parker (ANZAC)|Walter Parker]], [[Roy Longmore]], [[Alec Campbell]] and the Anzac medal.
* 2008 – five stamps depicting Australians showing respect and lines from the [[Ode of Remembrance]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.smh.com.au/national/australia-post-releases-anzac-day-stamps-20080415-26as.html|title=Australia Post releases Anzac Day stamps|date=15 April 2008|access-date=25 April 2018|newspaper=The Sydney Morning Herald|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180425115344/https://www.smh.com.au/national/australia-post-releases-anzac-day-stamps-20080415-26as.html|archive-date=25 April 2018}}</ref>
* 2014–2018 – A Century of War<ref>{{cite web|url=https://australiapostcollectables.com.au/articles/war-memorials-honouring-those-who-serve|date=3 April 2018|title=War Memorials: Honouring those who serve|publisher=[[Australia Post]]|access-date=25 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180425114835/https://australiapostcollectables.com.au/articles/war-memorials-honouring-those-who-serve|archive-date=25 April 2018}}</ref>
**2014 – Tri-services
**2015 – War Animals
**2016 – Vietnam War
**2017 – Women in War
**2018 – War Memorials: five base-rate ($1) stamps depicting Cobbers Statue at [[Australian Memorial Park]]; the [[Avenue of Honour]] in Ballarat; [[Tomb of the Unknown Australian Soldier]], Canberra; [[Darwin Cenotaph]]; and the Legacy Memorial at the [[Shrine of Remembrance]] in Melbourne<ref>{{cite web|url=https://auspost.newsroom.com.au/Content/Default/Philatelic/Article/Australia-Post-features-war-memorials-on-latest-stamp-issue/-3/1047/6205|title=Australia Post features war memorials on latest stamp issue|publisher=[[Australia Post]]|date=10 April 2018|access-date=25 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180425120758/https://auspost.newsroom.com.au/Content/Default/Philatelic/Article/Australia-Post-features-war-memorials-on-latest-stamp-issue/-3/1047/6205|archive-date=25 April 2018}}</ref>
**2024 – Picturing War: three $1.50 stamps depicting photographers Herbert Baldwin; [[Damien Parer]]; [[George Silk]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://australiapostcollectables.com.au/stamp-issues/anzac-day-2024-picturing-war|title=Anzac Day 2024: Picturing War|publisher=Australia Post|date=9 August 2024|access-date=9 August 2024|archive-date=9 August 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240809142302/https://australiapostcollectables.com.au/stamp-issues/anzac-day-2024-picturing-war|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Australian rules football===
{{Main|Anzac Day match}}
[[File:Anzac Day Canberra 2008 Dignitaries.jpg|right|thumb|In attendance at the 2008 Anzac Day National Service at the [[Australian War Memorial]] in [[Canberra]] are [[Angus Houston]], [[Chief of the Defence Force (Australia)]] (left), [[Murray Gleeson]] then [[Chief Justice of the High Court of Australia]], [[Jon Stanhope]], [[Chief Minister of the Australian Capital Territory]] (centre), [[Peter Cosgrove]], immediate past [[Chief of the Defence Force (Australia)]] (second from right), and [[Kevin Rudd]], [[Prime Minister of Australia]] (right).]]
During many wars, [[Australian rules football]] matches have been played overseas in places like northern Africa, Vietnam, and Iraq as a celebration of Australian culture and as a bonding exercise between soldiers.<ref>Australian War Memorial H13624</ref><ref>Australian War Memorial P00851.009</ref><ref>Australian War Memorial MEB0068</ref>

The modern-day tradition began in 1995 and is played every year between traditional [[Australian Football League|AFL]] rivals [[Collingwood Football Club|Collingwood]] and [[Essendon Football Club|Essendon]] at the [[Melbourne Cricket Ground]]. This annual match is often considered the biggest of the AFL season outside of the finals, sometimes drawing bigger crowds than all but the [[AFL Grand Final|Grand Final]],<ref>{{cite news|title=Malthouse urges more history education|url=http://www.theage.com.au/news/Sport/Malthouse-urges-more-history-education/2006/04/24/1145861276009.html|date=24 April 2006|work=The Age|access-date=10 May 2007|location=Melbourne, Australia|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080407191413/http://www.theage.com.au/news/Sport/Malthouse-urges-more-history-education/2006/04/24/1145861276009.html|archive-date=7 April 2008}}</ref> and often selling out in advance. The inaugural match in 1995 drew a crowd of 94,825 people,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/items/200604/1614136.htm|title=AFL's Anzac clash sold out|publisher=ABC News|location=Australia|date=11 April 2006|access-date=10 May 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071209105245/http://www.abc.net.au/news/items/200604/1614136.htm|archive-date=9 December 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.theage.com.au/news/features/a-fighting-spirit/2006/04/24/1145861286782.html?page=fullpage|work=The Age|title=A fighting spirit|date=24 April 2006|access-date=10 May 2007|location=Melbourne, Australia|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070311045545/http://www.theage.com.au/news/features/a-fighting-spirit/2006/04/24/1145861286782.html?page=fullpage|archive-date=11 March 2007}}</ref><ref name="AFL_table">{{cite news|url=http://afltables.com/afl/seas/1995.html#5|title=AFL Tables 1995|work=Australian Sporting Statistics|access-date=26 April 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080515155307/http://afltables.com/afl/seas/1995.html#5|archive-date=15 May 2008}}</ref> with the 2023 match drawing a crowd of 95,179, the second biggest home and away crowd in AFL history.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Gabelich|first1=Josh|title=Comeback Pies salute in front of record Anzac Day crowd|url=https://www.afl.com.au/news/912387/comeback-pies-salute-in-front-of-record-anzac-day-crowd|website=Australian Football League|date=25 April 2023|access-date=25 April 2023|archive-date=25 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230425090046/https://www.afl.com.au/news/912387/comeback-pies-salute-in-front-of-record-anzac-day-crowd|url-status=live}}</ref> The Anzac Medal is awarded to the player in the match who best exemplifies the Anzac spirit – skill, courage, self-sacrifice, teamwork and fair play. As of 2024, Collingwood hold the advantage 17 wins to 10, with two draws (in 1995 and 2024). The match was not played in 2020 due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]].

In 2013, St Kilda and the [[Sydney Swans]] played an Anzac Day game in Wellington, New Zealand, the first AFL game played for [[Australian Football League#Premiership season|premiership]] points outside of Australia.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.3news.co.nz/AFLs-Saints-hope-Wellington-behind-them/tabid/415/articleID/295184/Default.aspx|work=3 News NZ|title=Saints hope for Wellington support|date=22 April 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140109223941/http://www.3news.co.nz/AFLs-Saints-hope-Wellington-behind-them/tabid/415/articleID/295184/Default.aspx|archive-date=9 January 2014}}</ref> The winning team, Sydney, were presented with the inaugural Simpson–Henderson Trophy by the Prime Minister of New Zealand. The trophy was named after two notable Anzac soldiers: [[John Simpson Kirkpatrick]] and [[Richard Alexander Henderson]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saints.com.au/news/2013-04-25/special-trophy-for-historic-clash|title=Special trophy for historic clash|work=saints.com.au|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924093800/http://www.saints.com.au/news/2013-04-25/special-trophy-for-historic-clash|archive-date=24 September 2015|access-date=25 April 2013}}</ref>

===Rugby League football===
{{Main|Anzac Test|ANZAC Day Cup}}
From 1997, the [[Anzac Test]], a [[rugby league]] test match, has commemorated Anzac Day, though it is typically played prior to Anzac Day. The match is always played between the [[Australia national rugby league team|Australian]] and [[New Zealand national rugby league team|New Zealand]] national teams, and has drawn attendances of between 20,000 and 45,000 in the past. The final Anzac test occurred in 2017.<ref>{{cite magazine|title=Where the last ANZAC Test will be played|url=http://www.sportingnews.com/au/league/news/where-the-last-anzac-test-will-be-played/sunbm4zsiyxc14s2js9oyd9or|magazine=Sporting News|date=12 February 2017|access-date=25 April 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180425115430/http://www.sportingnews.com/au/league/news/where-the-last-anzac-test-will-be-played/sunbm4zsiyxc14s2js9oyd9or|archive-date=25 April 2018}}</ref>

Domestically, matches have been played on Anzac Day since 1927 (with occasional exceptions). Since 2002, the [[National Rugby League]] (NRL) has followed the lead of the Australian Football League, hosting a match between traditional rivals [[St. George Illawarra Dragons]] and the [[Sydney Roosters]] each year to commemorate Anzac Day in the [[ANZAC Day Cup]], although these two sides had previously met on Anzac Day several times as early as the 1970s. Between 2009 and 2023, an additional Anzac Day game has been played between the [[Melbourne Storm]] and [[New Zealand Warriors]]; the [[South Sydney Rabbitohs]] replaced the New Zealand Warriors in 2024. The Warriors still play on Anzac Day but in New Zealand and against a different opponent each year.