Editing Angels in art (section)

====Angels in heaven and hell====
[[File:Deux livres en turc-oriental écrit (...)Ferid ed-Din btv1b8427195m-1.jpg|thumb|upright|Zabaniya and the punishment of hypocrites (cutting of flesh) from ''The Timurid Book of the Prophet Muhammad’s Ascension,'' c. 1436''.''|alt=]]
[[File:Adam and the Angels watched by Iblis.jpg|thumb|left|Manuscript of the ''[[History of the Prophets and Kings|Annals of al-Tabari]]'' depicting Iblis, the angels and Adam. ''[[Topkapı Sarayı]]'' in [[Istanbul]].]]
The Qur’an makes multiple references to angels. These angels take on both active and passive roles in Quranic stories. In the story of the creation of Adam, God announces to the angels that he intends to create man. The angels act as witnesses to this announcement and subsequent creation of Adam. Although there are many versions of the story, Islamic sources relate that God used the creation of Adam as a punishment or test for the angels. Therefore, the role of angels is often described as in opposition to man.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Chipman|first=Leigh N. B.|date=2002|title=Adam and the Angels: An Examination of Mythic Elements in Islamic Sources|journal=Arabica|volume=49|issue=4 |pages=429–455|doi=10.1163/15700580260375407}}</ref>

Another angel-like creature mentioned in the Qu’ran (4:97, 32:11) is the ''[[Zabaniyya|zabāniya]].'' A ''zabāniya'' is a black angel of hell that brings souls of sinners down to hell to punish them and can be seen in illustrations of ''The Timurid Book of the Prophet Muhammad’s Ascension'' (c. 1436 A.D.). There are nineteen ''zabāniya,'' led by ''[[Maalik|Mālik]]'', an angel considered to be the master of fire or the gatekeeper of hell''.''<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Lange|first=Christian|date=2016|title=Revisiting Hell's Angels in the Quran|journal=Locating Hell in Islamic Traditions|pages= 74–100|doi=10.1163/9789004301368_005 |isbn=978-90-04-30121-4 }}</ref> ''Mālik's'' and ''zabāniya's'' categorizations as angels are debated as some believe they are better described as spirits or demons. Actually, portrayal of ''Zabaniyya'' shares many traits characteristical for demons in Islamic arts.<ref>Sheila Blair, Jonathan M. Bloom ''The Art and Architecture of Islam 1250–1800'' Yale University Press 1995 {{ISBN|978-0-300-06465-0}} p. 62</ref> As seen in ''The Timurid Book of the Prophet Muhammad’s Ascension,'' Muhammad is greeted by ''Mālik'' and later witnesses the torture of sinners carried out by the ''zabāniya.''<ref name=":3" />

Similar, the [[fallen angel#Islam|fallen angel]] [[Iblis]] is shown during his moment of refusal to prostrate himself before the newly created Adam, leading to his banishment to the bottom of hell. He is depicted as a black-skinned monstrous creature with horns and flaming eyes, in contrast to the presentation of the noble angels. Only his wings remain as a sign of his former angelic status, however with burned edges.<ref>{{Cite book|last1= Mittman|first1=Asa Simon|last2=Dendle|first2=Peter|title=the Ashgate Research Companion to Monsters and the Monstrous|publisher=Routledge|date=2017|chapter= 6}}</ref>