Editing Alvar Aalto (section)

==Works==
Aalto's career spans the changes in style from ([[Nordic Classicism]]) to purist [[International style (architecture)|International Style]] Modernism to a more personal, synthetic, and idiosyncratic Modernism. Aalto's wide field of design activity ranges from  large-scale projects such as [[city planning]] and architecture to more intimate, human-scale work in interior design, furniture and [[glassware]] design, and painting. It has been estimated that during his entire career Aalto designed over 500 individual buildings, approximately 300 of which were built. The vast majority of them are in Finland. He also has a few buildings in France, Germany, Italy, and the US.<ref name = GS>{{harvnb|Schildt|1994|pp=310–313}}</ref>

Aalto's work with wood was influenced by early Scandinavian architects. His experiments and bold departures from aesthetic norms brought attention to his ability to make wood do things not previously done. His techniques in the way he cut [[beech]] wood, for example, and  his ability to use plywood as a structural element while at the same time exploiting its aesthetic properties, were at once technically innovative and artistically inspired. Other examples of his boundary-pushing sensibility include the vertical placement of rough-hewn logs at his pavilion at the [[Lapua]] expo, a design element that evoked a medieval barricade. At the orchestra platform at [[Turku]] and the Paris expo at the World Fair, he used varying sizes and shapes of planks. Also at Paris (and at [[Villa Mairea]]), he utilized birch boards in a vertical arrangement. His [[Vyborg Library]], built in what was then Viipuri (it became [[Vyborg]] after Soviet annexation in 1944), is acclaimed for its stunning ceiling, with its undulating waves of red-hearted pine (which grows in the region ).<ref name=Labo2>{{harvnb|Labò|1968|p=2}}</ref> In his roofing, he created massive spans (155-foot at the covered stadium at [[Otaniemi]]), all without tie rods. In his stairway at Villa Mairea, he evokes the feeling of a natural forest by binding beech wood with withes into columns.<ref name=Labo3>{{harvnb|Labò|1968|p=3}}</ref>

Aalto claimed that his paintings were not made as individual artworks but as part of his process of architectural design, and many of his small-scale "sculptural" experiments with wood led to later larger architectural details and forms. These experiments also led to a number of patents: for example, he invented a new form of laminated bent-plywood furniture in 1932 (which was patented in 1933).<ref name=Chilvers/> His experimental method had been influenced by his meetings with various members of the [[Bauhaus]] design school, especially [[László Moholy-Nagy]], whom he first met in 1930. Aalto's furniture was exhibited in London in 1935, to great critical acclaim. To cope with the consumer demand, Aalto, together with his wife Aino, [[Maire Gullichsen]], and Nils-Gustav Hahl founded the company [[Artek (company)|Artek]] that same year. Aalto glassware (Aino as well as Alvar) is manufactured by [[Iittala]].

Aalto's 'High Stool' and '[[Model 60 stacking stool|Stool E60]]' (manufactured by [[Artek (company)|Artek]]) are currently used in [[Apple Store]]s across the world to serve as seating for customers. Finished in black lacquer, the stools are used to seat customers at the 'Genius Bar' and also in other areas of the store at times when seating is required for a product workshop or special event. Aalto was also influential in bringing [[modern art]] to the attention of the Finnish people, in particular the work of his friends [[Alexander Milne Calder]] and [[Fernand Léger]].<ref name=Pelkonen/>

===Significant buildings===
[[File:KUNSTEN Aalborg 2006.jpg|thumb|[[KUNSTEN Museum of Modern Art Aalborg]], Denmark (1958–72)]]
[[File:Paolo Monti - Servizio fotografico (Vergato, 1980) - BEIC 6353784.jpg|thumb|Church of Santa Maria Assunta, Riola of [[Vergato]], Italy, designed in 1966 and built 1975–1978. Photo by [[Paolo Monti]], 1980.]]

[[File:Aalto table and chairs1.JPG|thumbnail|Table and chairs designed by Alvar Aalto]]
[[File:Aalto Teewagen.jpg|thumb|Tea cart (tea trolley)]]
[[File:Alvar Alto - Tank Chair (Armchair 400).jpg|thumb|Armchair 400 with [[reindeer]] fur]]

{{main list |List of Alvar Aalto's works}}

* 1921–1923: Bell tower of Kauhajärvi Church, [[Lapua]], Finland<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Alvar Aalto Architect {{!}} Biography, Buildings, Projects and Facts|url=https://www.famous-architects.org/alvar-aalto/|access-date=22 October 2020|website=Famous Architects|language=en-US}}</ref>
* 1924–1926: [[Seinäjoki Civil Guard House]], Seinäjoki, Finland
* 1924–1928: Municipal hospital, [[Alajärvi]], Finland
* 1926–1929: [[Jyväskylä Defence Corps Building|Defence Corps Building]], Jyväskylä, Finland
* 1927–1928: South-West Finland Agricultural Cooperative building, [[Turku]], Finland
* 1927–1935: [[Viipuri Library|Municipal library]], [[Viipuri]], Finland ([[Winter War|now]] Vyborg, Russia)<ref>{{harvnb|Kairamo|2009|pp=34–35}}</ref>
* 1928–1929, 1930: ''[[Turun Sanomat]]'' newspaper offices, Turku, Finland<ref>{{harvnb|Weston|1997|pp=47–48}}</ref>
* 1928–1933: [[Paimio Sanatorium]], Tuberculosis sanatorium and staff housing, [[Paimio]], Finland<ref>{{harvnb|Hipeli|2014|p=9}}</ref>
* 1931: Toppila paper mill in [[Oulu]], Finland
* 1931: Central University Hospital, [[Zagreb]], [[Croatia]] (former [[Kingdom of Yugoslavia|Yugoslavia]])
* 1932: [[Villa Tammekann]], [[Tartu]], Estonia<ref>{{Cite web|title=Villa Tammekann · Finnish Architecture Navigator|url=https://finnisharchitecture.fi/villa-tammekann/|access-date=22 October 2020|website=finnisharchitecture.fi|language=en-US}}</ref>
* 1934: Corso theatre, restaurant interior, [[Zürich]], Switzerland
* 1936–1939: [[Ahlstrom]] Sunila Pulp Mill, Housing, and Town Plan, [[Kotka]], Finland<ref>{{harvnb|Korvenmaa|2004}}</ref>
* 1937–1939: [[Villa Mairea]], [[Noormarkku]], Finland<ref>{{harvnb|Pallasmaa|1998}}</ref>
* 1939: Finnish Pavilion, at the [[1939 New York World's Fair]]
* 1945: Sawmill at [[Varkaus]], Finland
* 1947–1948: [[List of MIT undergraduate dormitories#Baker House|Baker House]], [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]], [[Cambridge, Massachusetts]], U.S.<ref name="Anderson 2012"/>
* 1949–1966: [[Helsinki University of Technology]], Espoo, Finland
* 1949–1952: [[Säynätsalo Town Hall]], Säynätsalo (now part of [[Jyväskylä]]), Finland; 1949 competition, built 1952
* 1950–1957: [[Kansaneläkelaitos|National Pension Institution]] office building, [[Helsinki]], Finland
* 1951–1971: [[University of Jyväskylä]] various buildings and facilities on the university campus, Jyväskylä, Finland
* 1952–1958: [[The House of Culture (Helsinki)|House of Culture]], Helsinki, Finland<ref>{{harvnb|Holma|2015}}</ref>
* 1953: [[Alvar Aalto Museum#The Muuratsalo Experimental House|The Experimental House]], Muuratsalo, Finland
* 1953–1955: [[Rautatalo]] office building, Helsinki, Finland
* 1956–1958: Home<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.archdaily.com/356209/ad-classics-maison-louis-carre-alvar-aalto|title=AD Classics: Maison Louis Carré / Alvar Aalto|date=6 April 2013|website=ArchDaily}}</ref> for [[Louis Carré (art dealer)|Louis Carré]], [[Bazoches]], France<ref>{{harvnb|Laaksonen|2008}}</ref>
* 1956–1958: [[Church of the Three Crosses]], Vuoksenniska, [[Imatra]], Finland<ref>{{harvnb|Paatero|1993|pp=65–74}}</ref>
* 1957–1967: [[Aalto Centre, Seinäjoki|city center]] ([[Seinäjoki Library|library]], [[Seinäjoki City Theatre|theatre]], [[Seinäjoki City Hall|City Hall]], [[Lakeuden Risti Church]] and central administrative buildings), [[Seinäjoki]], Finland
* 1958: Post and telegraph office, [[Baghdad]], [[Iraq]]<ref>{{harvnb|Eisenbrand|2014|pp=361–382}}</ref>
* 1958–1972: [[KUNSTEN Museum of Modern Art Aalborg]], [[Aalborg]], Denmark<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Building|url=https://kunsten.dk/en/content/the-building-7386|access-date=22 October 2020|website=kunsten.dk|language=en}}</ref>
* 1959–1962: Community Centre, [[Wolfsburg]], Germany<ref>{{harvnb|Eisenbrand|2014|pp=339–359}}</ref>
* 1959–1962: [[Church of the Holy Spirit, Wolfsburg|Church of the Holy Ghost]] (Heilig-Geist-Gemeindezentrum), [[Wolfsburg]], Germany<ref>{{Cite web|title=Alvar Aalto's legacy lives strong in Wolfsburg, Germany {{!}} Design Stories|url=https://www.finnishdesignshop.com/design-stories/architecture/alvar-aalto-buildings-in-wolfsburg-germany|access-date=22 October 2020|website=Finnish Design Shop COM|date=31 January 2020 |language=en}}</ref>
* 1959–1962: [[Stora Enso headquarters|Enso-Gutzeit headquarters]], Helsinki, Finland<ref>{{Cite web|title=Alvar Aalto|url=http://www.architecture-history.org/architects/architects/aalto/time/1950.html|access-date=22 October 2020|website=www.architecture-history.org}}</ref>
* 1961–1975: [[Lappia Hall]] performing arts and conference venue, [[Rovaniemi]], Finland; part of the city's 'Aalto Centre'
* 1962: [[Aalto-Hochhaus]], [[Bremen]], Germany
* 1964–1965: [[Kaufmann Conference Center]] at the [[Institute of International Education]], New York City, U.S.<ref name="Anderson 2012"/>
* 1965: [[Rovaniemi library]], [[Rovaniemi]], Finland
* 1962–1971: [[Finlandia Hall]], Helsinki, Finland<ref>{{harvnb|Paatero|1993|pp=105–112}}</ref>
* 1963–1968: [[Stephanuskirche (Wolfsburg)|Church of St Stephen]] (Stephanus Kirche), Detmerode, Wolfsburg, Germany
* 1963–1965: Building for [[Västmanlands-Dala Nation, Uppsala|Västmanland-Dala nation]], [[Uppsala]], Sweden
* 1967–1970: Library at the [[Mount Angel Abbey]], St. Benedict, Salem, [[Oregon]], U.S.<ref name="Anderson 2012"/>
* 1965–1968: [[Nordic House (Iceland)|Nordic House]], [[Reykjavík]], Iceland
* 1966: [[Church of the Assumption of Mary, Riola di Vergato|Church of the Assumption of Mary]], Riola di [[Vergato]], Italy (built 1975–1978)
* 1973: [[Alvar Aalto Museum]], a.k.a. Taidemuseo, [[Jyväskylä]], Finland
* 1970–1973: [[Sähkötalo]], Helsinki, Finland
* 1978 (completed): [[Ristinkirkko, Lahti]], Finland
* 1959–1988: [[Aalto Theatre|Essen opera house]], [[Essen]], Germany<ref name=":0" />
* 1986: [[Rovaniemi city hall]], [[Rovaniemi]], Finland

===Furniture and glassware===

;Chairs
* 1932: [[Paimio Chair]]
* 1933: [[Model 60 stacking stool]]
* 1933: Four-legged Stool E60
* 1935–36: Armchair 404 (a/k/a/ Zebra Tank Chair)
* 1939: Armchair 406
;Lamps
* 1954: Floor lamp A805
* 1959: Floor lamp A810
;Vases
* 1936: [[Aalto Vase]]