Editing Alemanni (section)

==Genetics==
{{See also|Goths#Genetics|Baiuvarii#Genetics|Lombards#Genetics|Visigoths#Genetics}}
A genetic study published in ''[[Science Advances]]'' in September 2018 examined the remains of eight individuals buried at a seventh-century Alemannic graveyard in [[Niederstotzingen]], Germany. This is the richest and most complete Alemannic graveyard ever found. The highest-ranking individual at the graveyard was a male with Frankish grave goods. Four males were found to be closely related to him. They were all carriers of types of the paternal haplogroup [[Haplogroup R-M269#R1b1a1a2a1a1 (R-U106)|R1b1a2a1a1c2b2b]]. A sixth male was a carrier of the paternal haplogroup R1b1a2a1a1c2b2b1a1 and the maternal haplogroup [[Haplogroup U (mtDNA)#Haplogroup U5|U5a1a1]]. Along with the five closely related individuals, he displayed close genetic links to [[Northern Europe|northern]] and [[eastern Europe]], particularly [[Lithuania]] and [[Iceland]]. Two individuals buried at the cemetery were found to be genetically different from both the others and each other, displaying genetic links to [[Southern Europe]], particularly northern Italy and Spain. Along with the sixth male, they might have been adoptees or slaves.{{sfn|O'Sullivan et al.|2018|ps=: "Genome-wide analyses were performed on eight individuals to estimate genetic affiliation to modern west Eurasians and genetic kinship at the burial. Five individuals were direct relatives. Three other individuals were not detectably related; two of these showed genomic affinity to southern Europeans... These five related individuals had culturally diverse grave goods despite the evidence that all of them showed local isotope signals with northern European genetic affiliations... Niederstotzingen North individuals are closely related to northern and eastern European populations, particularly from Lithuania and Iceland."}}