Editing Adrasteia (section)

===Early===
The earliest surviving references to Adrasteia appear in a fragment from the [[epic poem]] the [[Phoronis (epic poem)|''Phoronis'']] (c. sixth century BC), and in a fragment from  the lost play ''Niobe'' (c. early 5th century BC), by the tragedian [[Aeschylus]]. In both she is a [[Phrygia]]n mountain goddess associated with [[Mount Ida (Turkey)|Mount Ida]].<ref>Parker, p. 195; Fries, [https://books.google.com/books?id=QyzoBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA246 p. 246].</ref>

The ''Phoronis'' describes Adrasteia as a mountain goddess, whose servants were the [[Idaean Dactyls]], Phrygian "wizards (''γόητες'') of Ida", who were the first to discover iron and iron working:<ref>Gantz, p. 148; Golann, p. 44; Farnell, [https://archive.org/details/thecultsofthegre02farnuoft/page/n89 pp. 499&ndash;500]. For a discussion of this fragment see Tsagalis, [https://books.google.com/books?id=lL0vDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA413 pp. 413&ndash;419]</ref>
:... where the wizards of Ida, Phrygian men, had their mountain homes: Kelmis, great Damnameneus, and haughty Akmon, skilled servants of Adrastea of the mountain, they who first, by the arts of crafty Hephaestus, discovered dark iron in the mountain glens, and brought it to the fire, and promulgated a fine achievement.<ref>''[[Phoronis (epic poem)|Phoronis]]'' [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/greek_epic_fragments_genealogical_antiquarian_epics_phoronis/2003/pb_LCL497.283.xml?rskey=VRlTip&result=1&mainRsKey=B6amIH fr. 2] [= Scholiast on [[Apollonius of Rhodes]] 1.1126-1131b "Δάκτυλοι Ἰδαῖοι"].</ref>

Aeschylus' ''Niobe'' fragment mentions the "territory of Adrasteia" associating it with the Berecyntians, a Phrygian tribe, and Mount Ida:<ref>Munn, [https://books.google.com/books?id=8W8lDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA333 p. 333].</ref>
:The land I [Tanatalus] sow extends for twelve days’ journey: the country of the Berecyntians, where the territory of Adrasteia and Mount Ida resound with the lowing and bleating of livestock, and all of the Erechthean plain.<ref>[[Aeschylus]], ''Niobe'' [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/aeschylus-attributed_fragments/2009/pb_LCL505.167.xml fr. 158 Radt] [= [[Strabo]], [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0099.tlg001.perseus-eng1:12.8.21 12.8.21]].</ref>

Once in the Aeschylean ''[[Prometheus Bound]]'', and twice in the Euripidean  ''[[Rhesus (play)|Rhesus]]'', Adrasteia is invoked as a ward against the consequences of boastful speech (perhaps here being identified with Nemesis as the punisher of boasts).<ref>West, p. 195 with n. 61.</ref> In ''[[Prometheus Bound]]'', after Prometheus foretells the fall of Zeus, the chorus warns Prometheus that the wise "bow to Adrasteia", a formulaic expression meaning to apologize for a remark which might offend some divinity.<ref>[[Aeschylus]] (?), ''[[Prometheus Bound]]'' [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0085.tlg003.perseus-grc1:907-943 936]; Sommerstein, ''Prometheus Bound'' [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/aeschylus-prometheus_bound/2009/pb_LCL145.547.xml 936 and note 116]; Smyth, ''Prometheus Bound'' [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0085.tlg003.perseus-eng1:907-943  936 and note 2]; Munn, [https://books.google.com/books?id=8W8lDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA333 p. 333].</ref> In the ''Rhesus'', the chorus, because of the praise they are about to give Rhesus, invoke the goddess saying:<ref>Fries, [https://books.google.com/books?id=QyzoBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA246 p. 246, on lines 242&ndash;5]; Kovacs, [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/euripides-rhesus/2003/pb_LCL495.391.xml p. 391 n. 8]; Murray, [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0006.tlg019.perseus-eng2:342-350 note to ''Rhesus'' 342].</ref>
:May Adrasteia, daughter of Zeus
:shield my words from divine hostility!<ref>[[Euripides]], ''[[Rhesus (play)|Rhesus]]'' [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/euripides-rhesus/2003/pb_LCL495.391.xml 342&ndash;343]</ref>
In a subsequent passage the hero Rhesus invokes her ("may Adrasteia not resent my words") before boasting to the Trojan hero [[Hector]] that he will defeat the Greeks at [[Troy]] and sack all of Greece.<ref>[[Euripides]], ''[[Rhesus (play)|Rhesus]]'', [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/euripides-rhesus/2003/pb_LCL495.401.xml 468&ndash;473].</ref>

Adrasteia was explicitly identified with Nemesis by [[Antimachus]] of [[Colophon (city)|Colophon]] (late fifth century BC).<ref>Fries, pp. [https://books.google.com/books?id=QyzoBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA246 246]&ndash;[https://books.google.com/books?id=QyzoBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA247 247], on lines 342&ndash;3; Golann, p. 43; Hornum, [https://books.google.com/books?id=-innYh2yO48C&pg=PA7 p. 7].</ref> The geographer [[Strabo]] quotes Antimachus as saying:
:There is a great goddess Nemesis, who has obtained as her portion all these things from the Blessed. Adrestus was the first to build an altar to her beside the stream of the Aesepus River, where she is worshipped under the name of Adresteia.<ref>[[Strabo]], [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0099.tlg001.perseus-eng1:13.1.13 13.1.13] = [[Antimachus]], fr. 131 Matthews = 53 Wyss.</ref>

In a similar vein to the Aeschylean and Euripidean invocations, [[Plato]], in his ''[[Republic (Plato)|Republic]]'' (c. 375 BC), has [[Socrates]] invoke Arasteia (i.e. Nemesis?) as a ward against divine retribution for&mdash;not a boast&mdash;but rather an eccentric idea:<ref>Munn, [https://books.google.com/books?id=HVurD0lHQv4C&pg=PA335 p. 335]; Emlyn-Jones and Preddy, [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/plato_philosopher-republic/2013/pb_LCL237.451.xml p. 451 n. 6].</ref>
:I bow myself down before Adrasteia, Glaucon, because of what I am about to say. You see, I really do suppose it a lesser misdemeanor to become the involuntary murderer of someone than to lead people astray about principles of what is fine and good and just.<ref>[[Plato]], ''[[Republic (Plato)|Republic]]'' [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/plato_philosopher-republic/2013/pb_LCL237.451.xml 451a].</ref>
Plato (followed by the early [[Stoics]]) also equates Adrasteia with Fate, as the judge of reincarnating souls:<ref>Fries, [https://books.google.com/books?id=QyzoBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA247 p. 247]; [[Plato]], ''[[Phaedrus (dialogue)|Phaedrus]]'' [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/plato_philosopher-phaedrus/1914/pb_LCL036.479.xml? 248c&ndash;d].</ref>
:And this is a law of [Adrasteia], that the soul which follows after God and obtains a view of any of the truths is free from harm until the next period, and if it can always attain this, is always unharmed;