Editing Abruzzo (section)

==== Kingdom of Sicily ====
{{See also|Kingdom of Sicily|Norman conquest of southern Italy|Hohenstaufen#Ruling in Italy|Capetian House of Anjou}}
After two attempted conquests from two [[Normans|Norman]] [[Principality of Capua|princes of Capua]] in Abruzzo, two other Normans, [[Robert Guiscard]] and [[Robert I of Loritello]], conquered [[Chieti|Teate]], [[Corfinio|Valva]] and [[Penne, Abruzzo|Penne]]. Later, all Abruzzo was definitively conquered by [[Normans|Norman]] [[Roger II of Sicily]], and in 1156 his son [[William I of Sicily]] had these victories officially recognized by [[Pope Adrian IV]].

As part of the [[Kingdom of Sicily]], Abruzzo was involved in the conflicts following the death of [[William II of Sicily]] in 1189, and the territories sided with [[Constance I of Sicily|Constance, Queen of Sicily]] and [[Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor]], but after the death of the former in 1198, they were invaded by [[Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor]]. They were also involved in the conflicts between [[Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick II]] (son of [[Constance I of Sicily|Queen Costance]]) and [[Pope Gregory IX]], including the [[War of the Keys]].<ref name=Italiana/><ref name=Sapere.it/> The administrative region of Abruzzo was formed in the 1230s, when [[Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick II]] divided his realms into [[justiciarate]]s, with Abruzzo forming one of them.<ref name="Wine">{{cite web |url=http://winecountry.it/regions/abruzzo/ |title=WineCountry.it Abruzzo wine region of Italy |publisher=winecountry.it |access-date=8 October 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090331103332/http://winecountry.it/regions/abruzzo/ |archive-date=31 March 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The newly founded [[L'Aquila]] was destroyed by [[Manfred, King of Sicily]] (son of [[Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick II]]) in 1259, and supported in the [[Battle of Tagliacozzo]] (1268) the defeat of his nephew [[Conradin]] against [[Charles I of Anjou]], the new [[king of Sicily]]. Since the last half of the 13th century, [[L'Aquila]] took a central role in the region.<ref name=Italiana/><ref name=Sapere.it/> Abruzzo was divided into ''[[Abruzzo Citra]]'' (nearer Abruzzo) and ''Abruzzo Ultra'' (further Abruzzo) by [[Charles I of Anjou]] in the 1270s.<ref name="Wine" />