Editing AMD (section)

==== Athlon 64, Opteron, and Phenom ====
{{Main|Athlon 64|Opteron|AMD Phenom|l3=Phenom}}
The K8 was a major revision of the K7 architecture, with the most notable features being the addition of a [[64-bit computing|64-bit]] extension to the x86 instruction set (called [[x86-64]], AMD64, or x64), the incorporation of an on-chip memory controller, and the implementation of an extremely high-performance point-to-point interconnect called [[HyperTransport]], as part of the [[Direct Connect Architecture]]. The technology was initially launched as the [[Opteron]] server-oriented processor on April 22, 2003.<ref>Scott Wasson. "[http://www.techreport.com/reviews/2003q3/workstation/index.x?pg=1 Workstation platforms compared] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061127144618/http://techreport.com/reviews/2003q3/workstation/index.x?pg=1 |date=November 27, 2006 }}", ''techreport.com'', The Tech Report, LLC., September 15, 2003. Retrieved July 29, 2007.</ref> Shortly thereafter, it was incorporated into a product for desktop PCs, branded [[Athlon 64]].<ref>Scott Wasson. "[http://www.techreport.com/reviews/2003q3/athlon64/index.x?pg=1 AMD's Athlon 64 processor] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061127141205/http://techreport.com/reviews/2003q3/athlon64/index.x?pg=1 |date=November 27, 2006 }}", ''techreport.com'', The Tech Report, LLC., September 23, 2003. Retrieved July 29, 2007.</ref>

On April 21, 2005, AMD released the first [[multi-core processor|dual-core]] [[Opteron]], an x86-based server CPU.<ref>Scott Wasson. "[http://www.techreport.com/reviews/2005q2/opteron-x75/index.x?pg=1 AMD's dual-core Opteron processors] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070702163921/http://techreport.com/reviews/2005q2/opteron-x75/index.x?pg=1 |date=July 2, 2007 }}", ''techreport.com'', The Tech Report, LLC., April 21, 2005. Retrieved July 29, 2007.</ref> A month later, it released the [[Athlon 64 X2]], the first desktop-based [[multi-core (computing)|dual-core processor]] family.<ref>Scott Wasson. "[http://www.techreport.com/reviews/2005q2/athlon64-x2/index.x?pg=1 AMD's Athlon 64 X2 processors] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070708074121/http://techreport.com/reviews/2005q2/athlon64-x2/index.x?pg=1 |date=July 8, 2007 }}", ''techreport.com'', The Tech Report, LLC., May 9, 2005. Retrieved July 29, 2007.</ref> In May 2007, AMD abandoned the string "64" in its dual-core desktop product branding, becoming Athlon X2, downplaying the significance of [[x86-64|64-bit computing]] in its processors. Further updates involved improvements to the microarchitecture, and a shift of the target market from mainstream desktop systems to value dual-core desktop systems. In 2008, AMD started to release dual-core Sempron processors exclusively in China, branded as the Sempron 2000 series, with lower HyperTransport speed and smaller L2 cache. AMD completed its dual-core product portfolio for each market segment.

In September 2007, AMD released the first server Opteron [[AMD K10|K10]] processors,<ref>{{Cite news |date=August 13, 2007 |title=AMD to launch two Barcelona-based processors in September |publisher=tgdaily.com |url=http://www.tgdaily.com/content/view/33338/139/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071016184512/http://tgdaily.com/content/view/33338/139/ |archive-date=October 16, 2007}}</ref> followed in November by the [[AMD Phenom|Phenom]] processor for desktop. K10 processors came in dual-core, [[Multi-core|triple-core]],<ref>[https://www.amd.com/us-en/Corporate/VirtualPressRoom/0,,51_104_543~120741,00.html AMD announcement]. Retrieved September 17, 2007.</ref> and [[Multi-core|quad-core]] versions, with all cores on a single die. AMD released a new platform codenamed "[[AMD Spider|Spider]]", which used the new Phenom processor, and an R770 GPU and a 790 GX/FX chipset from the [[AMD 700 chipset series]].<ref name="hothardware">{{cite web |last=Marco Chiappetta |date=November 19, 2007 |title=AMD Spider Platform – Phenom, 790FX, RV670 |url=http://www.hothardware.com/Articles/AMD_Spider_Platform__Phenom_790FX_RV670/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415171225/http://hothardware.com/Articles/AMD%5FSpider%5FPlatform%5F%5FPhenom%5F790FX%5FRV670/ |archive-date=April 15, 2012 |access-date=July 11, 2017 |publisher=HotHardware}}</ref> However, AMD built the Spider at [[65nm]], which was uncompetitive with Intel's smaller and more power-efficient [[45nm]].

In January 2009, AMD released a new processor line dubbed [[Phenom II]], a refresh of the original [[AMD Phenom|Phenom]] built using the 45&nbsp;nm process.<ref name="anandtech3512">{{Citation |last=Shimpi |first=Anand Lal |title=The Phenom II X4 810 & X3 720: AMD Gets DDR3 But Doesn't Need It |date=February 9, 2009 |url=http://www.anandtech.com/show/2721 |publisher=AnandTech |access-date=January 23, 2012}}</ref> AMD's new platform, codenamed "[[AMD Dragon|Dragon]]", used the new Phenom II processor, and an [[ATI (brand)|ATI]] R770 GPU from the [[Radeon R700|R700]] GPU family, and a 790 GX/FX chipset from the [[AMD 700 chipset series]].<ref>{{Citation |last=Parrish |first=Kevin |title=AMD Unleashes the Dragon |date=January 8, 2009 |url=http://www.tomshardware.com/news/AMD-Dragon-Phenom-II,6781.html |work=[[Tom's Hardware]] |access-date=July 6, 2014}}</ref> The Phenom II came in dual-core, triple-core and quad-core variants, all using the same die, with cores disabled for the triple-core and dual-core versions. The Phenom II resolved issues that the original Phenom had, including a low clock speed, a small L3 cache, and a [[Cool'n'Quiet]] bug that decreased performance. The Phenom II cost less but was not performance-competitive with Intel's mid-to-high-range [[Core 2]] Quads. The Phenom II also enhanced its predecessor's memory controller, allowing it to use [[DDR3]] in a new native socket [[AM3]], while maintaining backward compatibility with [[AM2+]], the socket used for the Phenom, and allowing the use of the [[DDR2 SDRAM|DDR2]] memory that was used with the platform.

In April 2010, AMD released a new Phenom II Hexa-core (6-core) processor codenamed "[[Phenom X6|Thuban]]".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Walrath |first=Josh |date=April 27, 2010 |title=AMD Phenom II X6 1090T 6-core Thuban Processor Review |publisher=PC Perspective |url=https://www.pcper.com/reviews/Processors/AMD-Phenom-II-X6-1090T-6-core-Thuban-Processor-Review |access-date=July 11, 2017}}</ref> This was a totally new die based on the hexa-core "Istanbul" [[Opteron]] processor. It included AMD's "turbo core" technology, which allows the processor to automatically switch from 6 cores to 3 faster cores when more pure speed is needed.

The [[List of AMD Opteron microprocessors#Opteron 6100-series "Magny-Cours" (45 nm)|Magny Cours]] and [[List of AMD Opteron microprocessors#Opteron 4100-series "Lisbon" (45 nm)|Lisbon]] server parts were released in 2010.<ref name="Opteron6100Series">{{cite web |date=April 22, 2009 |title=AMD announces 16-core chips |url=http://www.theinquirer.net/inquirer/news/1051877/amd-announces-core-chips |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090506110053/http://www.theinquirer.net/inquirer/news/1051877/amd-announces-core-chips |url-status=unfit |archive-date=May 6, 2009 |access-date=March 31, 2010}}</ref> The Magny Cours part came in 8 to 12&nbsp;cores and the Lisbon part in 4 and 6&nbsp;core parts. Magny Cours is focused on performance while the Lisbon part is focused on high performance per watt. Magny Cours is an MCM ([[multi-chip module]]) with two hexa-core "Istanbul" [[Opteron]] parts. This will use a new [[socket G34]] for dual and quad-socket processors and thus will be marketed as Opteron 61xx series processors. Lisbon uses [[socket C32]] certified for dual-socket use or single socket use only and thus will be marketed as Opteron 41xx processors. Both will be built on a [[45 nm]] [[Silicon on insulator|SOI]] process.