Editing 1936 Summer Olympics (section)

===Notable achievements===
[[File:Olympics in Berlin 1936.jpg|thumb|right|upright=1.15|Nude statues of female and male bodies, installed in the streets of Berlin on the occasion of the 1936 Summer Games]]
Germany had a successful year in [[Equestrian at the 1936 Summer Olympics|the equestrian events]], winning individual and team gold in all three disciplines, as well as individual silver in dressage. In the cycling match sprint finals, German [[Toni Merkens]] fouled [[Arie van Vliet]] of the Netherlands. Instead of being disqualified, he was fined 100 ℛℳ and kept his gold. German gymnasts [[Konrad Frey]] and [[Alfred Schwarzmann]] both won three gold medals.

American [[Jesse Owens]] won four gold medals in the sprint and [[long jump]] events. His German competitor [[Luz Long]] offered Owens advice after he almost failed to qualify in the long jump. [[Mack Robinson (athlete)|Mack Robinson]], brother of [[Jackie Robinson]], won the 200-meter sprint silver medal behind Owens by 0.4 seconds. Although he did not win a medal, future American war hero [[Louis Zamperini]], lagging behind in the 5,000-meter final, made up ground by clocking a 56-second final lap. In one of the most dramatic [[800 metres|800-meter]] races in history, American [[John Woodruff (athlete)|John Woodruff]] won gold after slowing to jogging speed in the middle of the final to free himself from being boxed in.<ref>{{cite news |title=John Woodruff, an Olympian, Dies at 92 |first=Frank |last=Litsky |newspaper=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/11/01/sports/othersports/01woodruff.html |date=1 November 2007 |access-date=26 August 2010}}</ref> [[Glenn Morris|Glenn Edgar Morris]], a farm boy from Colorado, won gold in the decathlon. British [[Sport rowing|rower]] [[Jack Beresford]] won his fifth Olympic medal in the sport, and his third gold medal. The U.S. eight-man rowing team from the [[University of Washington]] won the gold medal, coming from behind to defeat the Germans and Italians with Hitler in attendance. 13-year-old American sensation [[Marjorie Gestring]] won the [[Diving at the 1936 Summer Olympics – Women's 3 metre springboard|women's 3 meter diving event]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Ross |first=Albion |date=13 August 1936 |title=Women Divers of U.S. Score Olympic Sweep |newspaper=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1936/08/13/archives/women-divers-of-us-score-olympic-sweep-medica-takes-400meter-free.html |url-access=subscription |access-date=1 May 2021}}</ref>

{{multiple image |direction=vertical |width=220 |align=left
|image1=WoodRuff 1936 Olympics medal front.jpg|caption1=Obverse
|image2=WoodRuff 1936 Olympics medal back.jpg|caption2=Reverse
|footer=[[John Woodruff (athlete)|John Woodruff]]'s gold medal for winning the [[Athletics at the 1936 Summer Olympics – Men's 800 metres|800 metres]], on display at [[Hillman Library]], [[University of Pittsburgh]], [[Pittsburgh]], [[Pennsylvania|PA]], U.S.}}

[[Jack Lovelock]] of New Zealand won the 1500&nbsp;m gold medal, coming through a strong field to win in the world record time of 3:47.8.

In the [[marathon (sport)|marathon]], the [[Korean people|ethnic Koreans]] [[Sohn Kee-chung]] and [[Nam Sung-yong]] won one gold and one bronze medal; as Korea was annexed by Japan at the time, they were running for Japan.

[[India]] won the gold medal in the [[field hockey]] event once again (they won the gold in all Olympics from 1928 to 1956), defeating Germany 8–1 in the final. Indians were considered [[Indo-Aryans]] by the German authorities and there was no controversy regarding the victory.

[[Rie Mastenbroek]] of the [[Netherlands]] won three gold medals and a silver in swimming. [[Estonians|Estonian]] heavyweight [[Wrestling|wrestler]] [[Kristjan Palusalu]] won two gold medals, and he became the first and only wrestler in Olympic history ever to win both the Greco-Roman and freestyle heavyweight events. Berlin 1936 marked the last time [[Estonia]] [[Estonia at the Olympics|competed]] as an independent nation in the Olympics until 1992.

After winning the middleweight class, the [[Egyptian people|Egyptian]] weightlifter [[Khadr El Touni]] continued to compete for another 45 minutes, finally exceeding the total of the German silver medalist by 35&nbsp;kg. The 20-year-old El Touni lifted a total of 387.5&nbsp;kg, crushing two German world champions and breaking the then-Olympic and world records, while the German lifted 352.5&nbsp;kg. Furthermore, El Touni had lifted 15&nbsp;kg more than the light-heavyweight gold medalist, a feat only El Touni has accomplished. El Touni's new world records stood for 13 years. Fascinated by El Touni's performance, Adolf Hitler rushed down to greet this human miracle. Prior to the competition, Hitler was said to have been sure that [[Rudolf Ismayr]] and Adolf Wagner would embarrass all other opponents. Hitler was so impressed by El Touni's domination in the middleweight class that he ordered a street named after him in Berlin's Olympic village.{{citation needed|date=September 2021}} The Egyptian held the No. 1 position on the [[International Weightlifting Federation|IWF]] list of history's 50 greatest weightlifters for 60 years, until the [[1996 Summer Olympics|1996 Games]] in [[Atlanta]] where [[Turkey]]'s [[Naim Süleymanoğlu]] surpassed him to top the list.

[[Italy national football team|Italy's football team]] continued their dominance under head coach [[Vittorio Pozzo]], winning the gold medal in these Olympics between their two consecutive [[FIFA World Cup|World Cup]] victories ([[1934 FIFA World Cup|1934]] and [[1938 FIFA World Cup|1938]]). Much like the successes of German athletes, this triumph was claimed by supporters of [[Benito Mussolini]]'s regime as a vindication of the superiority of the fascist system. Austria won the silver; a controversial win after Hitler called for a rematch of the quarterfinals match to discount [[Peru]]'s 4–2 win over [[Federal State of Austria|Austria]]. The Peruvian national Olympic team refused to play the match again and withdrew from the games. In the quarter-finals of the [[Association football|football]] tournament, Peru beat Austria 4–2 in extra-time. Peru rallied from a two-goal deficit in the final 15 minutes of normal time. During extra-time, Peruvian fans allegedly ran onto the field and attacked an Austrian player. In the chaos, Peru scored twice and won, 4–2. However, Austria protested and the International Olympic Committee ordered a replay without any spectators. The Peruvian government refused and their entire Olympic squad left in protest as did Colombia.<ref>{{cite web|title=Berlin, 1936 |url=https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/archive/tournament=512/edition=197041/overview.html |publisher=Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) |access-date=16 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071001150727/http://www.fifa.com/tournaments/archive/tournament%3D512/edition%3D197041/overview.html |archive-date=1 October 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

A remarkable story from the track and field competition was the gold medal won by the US women's 4 × 100&nbsp;m relay team. The German team were the heavy favourites, but dropped the baton at one hand-off. Of notable interest on the US team was [[Betty Robinson]].<ref name="anb.org">{{cite web|title=Schwartz, Elizabeth Robinson|url=http://www.anb.org/articles/19/19-00969.html|website=Anb.org|access-date=16 November 2015}}</ref> She was the first woman ever awarded an Olympic gold medal for track and field, winning the women's 100&nbsp;m event at the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam.<ref name="anb.org" /> In 1931, Robinson was involved in a plane crash, and was severely injured. Her body was discovered in the wreckage and it was wrongly thought that she was dead. She was placed in the trunk of a car and taken to an undertaker, where it was discovered that she was not dead, but in a coma. She awoke from the coma seven months later, although it was another six months before she could get out of a wheelchair, and two years before she could walk normally again.<ref>Joe Gergen (2014) First Lady of Olympic Track: The Life and Times of Betty Robinson, Northwestern University Press, {{ISBN|0-8101-2958-2}}, pp. 146–47</ref> Due to the length of her recovery, she had to miss participating in the 1932 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, in her home country.