Editing Zita of Bourbon-Parma (section)

==Early life==
Princess Zita of Bourbon-Parma was born at the Villa Pianore in the Italian Province of [[Lucca]], 9 May 1892.<ref name="Beeche">Beeche.</ref>{{Rp|1}} The unusual name ''Zita'' was given to her after [[Zita]], a popular Italian [[saint]] who had lived in [[Tuscany]] in the 13th century.<ref name = "Bogle">Bogle.</ref>{{Rp|16}} She was the third daughter and fifth child of the deposed [[Robert I, Duke of Parma]], and his second wife, [[Infanta Maria Antonia of Portugal]], a daughter of King [[Miguel of Portugal]] and his wife [[Adelaide of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg]]. Zita's father had lost his throne as a result of the movement for [[Italian unification]] in 1859 when he was still a child.<ref name="Beeche"/>{{Rp|1}} He fathered twelve children during his first marriage to [[Princess Maria Pia of Bourbon-Two Sicilies (1849–1882)|Princess Maria Pia of the Two Sicilies]] (six of whom were mentally disabled, and three of whom died young).<ref name="Beeche"/>{{Rp|1}} Duke Robert became a widower in 1882, and two years later he married Infanta Maria Antonia of Portugal.<ref name="Beeche"/>{{Rp|1}} The second marriage produced a further twelve children. Zita was the 17th among Duke Robert's 24 children. Robert moved his large family between Villa Pianore (a large property located between [[Pietrasanta]] and [[Viareggio]]) and his Schwarzau Castle in [[Lower Austria]].<ref name="Brook-Shepherd">Brook-Shepherd.</ref>{{Rp|5–6}} It was mainly in these two residences that Zita spent her formative years. The family spent most of the year in Austria, moving to Pianore in the winter and returning in the summer.<ref name="Beeche"/>{{Rp|2}} To move between them, they took a special train with sixteen coaches to accommodate the family and their belongings.<ref name="Brook-Shepherd"/>{{Rp|7}}

[[File:Empress Zita with her parents and siblings.jpg|left|thumb|upright=1.2|The family of [[Robert I, Duke of Parma]]. From left to right, first row: Immacolata, Antonia, Isabella, Duke Robert, Henrietta, Luigi, Gaetano, Duchess Maria Antonia, Renato, Zita (sitting on the far right). From left to right, second row: Francesca, Pia, Luisa, Adelaide, Teresa, Joseph, Xavier, Henry, Sixtus, Felix. Villa Pianore, 1906.]]
Zita and her siblings were raised to speak Italian, French, German, Spanish, Portuguese and English.<ref name="Beeche"/>{{Rp|2}} She recalled:
{{cquote|We grew up internationally. My father thought of himself first and foremost as a Frenchman, and spent a few weeks every year with the elder children at [[Château de Chambord|Chambord]], his main property on the [[Loire]]. I once asked him how we should describe ourselves. He replied, "We are French princes who reigned in Italy." In fact, of the twenty-four children only three including me, were actually born in Italy.<ref name="Beeche"/>{{Rp|2}}}}

At the age of ten, Zita was sent to a boarding school at Zanberg in [[Upper Bavaria]], where there was a strict regime of study and religious instruction.<ref name="Beeche"/>{{Rp|3}} She was summoned home in the autumn of 1907 at the death of her father. Her [[Adelaide of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg|maternal grandmother]] sent Zita and her sister Francesca to a [[convent]] on the [[Isle of Wight]] to complete their education.<ref name="Bogle"/>{{Rp|19}} Brought up as devout Catholics, the Parma children regularly undertook good works for the poor. In Schwarzau the family turned surplus cloth into clothes. Zita and Francesca personally distributed food, clothing, and medicines to the needy in Pianore.<ref name="Brook-Shepherd"/>{{Rp|7–8}} Three of Zita's sisters became [[nun]]s and, for a time, she considered following the same path.<ref name="Bogle"/>{{Rp|20}} Zita went through a period of poor health and was sent for the traditional cure at a European [[spa]] for two years.<ref name="Brook-Shepherd"/>{{Rp|15}}