Editing Zanesville, Ohio (section)

== History ==
[[File:Ohio's second statehouse - Zanesville.jpg|thumb|The second [[Ohio Statehouse]], built in 1809]]
Zanesville was named after [[Ebenezer Zane]] (1747–1811), who had blazed [[Zane's Trace]], a pioneer trail from [[Wheeling, West Virginia]], to [[Maysville, Kentucky]], through present-day Ohio. In 1797, he remitted land as payment to his son-in-law, [[John McIntire (pioneer)|John McIntire]] (1759–1815), at the point where Zane's Trace met the [[Muskingum River]]. With the assistance of Zane, McIntire platted the town and opened an inn and ferry by 1799. In 1801, Zanesville was officially renamed, formerly Westbourne, the chosen name for the settlement by Zane.

From 1810 to 1812, the city was the second [[List of capitals in the United States|state capital]] of Ohio.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zanesville |url=https://encyclopedia2.tfd.com/Zanesville |access-date=2024-10-20 |website=TheFreeDictionary.com |language=en}}</ref> The [[National Road]] courses through Zanesville as [[U.S. Route 40]]. The city grew quickly in the 1820s through 1850s. Zanesville and Putnam (eastern side of Muskingum River), from the 1840s until the [[American Civil War]] broke out, was part of the [[Underground Railroad]]. In excess of 5,000 Union soldiers, along with hundreds of townsfolk, were stationed in the Zanesville area to protect the city in 1863 during [[Morgan's Raid]]. Novelist [[Zane Grey]], a descendant of the Zane family, was born in the city.{{cn|date=December 2024}}

After the Civil War, the city grew in size and gained prominence in the State for manufacturing and textiles. The city was also notoriously known for its bootlegging activities in the [[Prohibition era]]. From the 1820s until the 1970s, downtown Zanesville was the premiere economic center of the city with various factories, offices, small to large stores, many hotels, over a dozen stages and movie theaters, nearly twenty churches, and nearby neighborhoods (inhabited mainly by persons of Irish or German ethnicity).{{citation needed|date=October 2022}}

In 1872, Zanesville [[annexation|annexed]] the adjacent community of Putnam. It is now the Putnam Historic District of Zanesville.<ref>{{cite web
|title=Putnam Historic District
|author=[[National Park Service]]
|url=https://www.nps.gov/nr/travel/underground/oh13.htm
|access-date=November 3, 2019
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190614024640/https://www.nps.gov/nr/travel/underground/oh13.htm
|archive-date=June 14, 2019
|url-status=live
}}</ref>

The city was historically known as a center for [[pottery]] manufacturing; in the first half of the 20th century, more than a dozen potteries operated in the city and the surrounding areas.<ref name="Schneider">{{Cite book |last=Communications |first=Emmis |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3wsDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA34 |title=Cincinnati Magazine |date=November 2003  |language=en}}</ref>  Bolstered by ample local clay deposits and rivers, the area produced both [[art pottery]] and functional, utilitarian pottery.<ref name=Schneider/> Notable pottery manufacturers that operated in the area included [[Weller Pottery]], [[J. B. Owens Pottery Company]], [[Roseville Pottery]], [[American Encaustic Tiling Company]], and the Mosaic Tile Company.<ref>Louise Purviance, Evan Purviance & Norris Franz Schneider, ''Zanesville Art Pottery in Color'' (Mid-America: 1968).</ref> The city peaked economically in the 1950s, and like many cities experienced a post-industrial decline. In the 21st century, it has a relatively high level of chronic poverty and unemployment and a relatively low level of [[labor force participation]] and educational attainment.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Smith |first=Evan Peter |title=Breaking a cycle of decline |url=https://www.zanesvilletimesrecorder.com/story/news/2015/10/02/breaking-cycle-decline/73092842/ |access-date=2024-10-20 |website=Times Recorder |language=en-US}}</ref>