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Zalman Schachter-Shalomi
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==Early life== Born Meshullam Zalman Schachter in 1924 to Shlomo and Hayyah Gittel Schachter in Żółkiew, [[Second Polish Republic|Poland]] (now [[Zhovkva]], [[Ukraine]]),<ref>{{cite web |title=A Biography of Zalman Schachter-Shalomi |work=Zalman M. Schachter-Shalomi Papers |date=June 26, 2015 |publisher=Post-Holocaust American Judaism Collections, University of Colorado Boulder College of Arts and Sciences |url=https://www.colorado.edu/post-holocaustamericanjudaismcollections/home/biography-zalman-schachter-shalomi |accessdate=September 9, 2021}}</ref><ref name=Grob>{{Cite book|author1=Grob, Charles S. |author2=Walsh, Roger N. | title=Higher wisdom: eminent elders explore the continuing impact of psychedelics | year=2005 | publisher=State University of New York Press | location=Albany | isbn=0-7914-6517-9 | page=11}}</ref> Schachter spent his early years in [[Vienna]], Austria. His father was a liberal [[Belz (Hasidic dynasty)|Belzer]] [[Hasidic Judaism|hasid]] and had Zalman educated at both a [[Zionism|Zionist]] high school and an [[Orthodox Judaism|Orthodox]] yeshiva.<ref name=Renewalist>{{cite web |url=http://www.yesodfoundation.org/Yesod-RZLP/Renewalist_Blog/Entries/2014/7/3_Rabbi_Zalman_Schachter-Shalomi%2C_Father_of_Jewish_Renewal%2C_Dies_at_89.html |title=Rabbi Zalman Schachter-Shalomi, Father of Jewish Renewal, Dies at 89 |first=Netanel |last=Miles-Yepez |date=July 3, 2014 |publisher=The Renewalist Blog |access-date=August 6, 2016 |archive-date=September 22, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160922182210/http://www.yesodfoundation.org/Yesod-RZLP/Renewalist_Blog/Entries/2014/7/3_Rabbi_Zalman_Schachter-Shalomi,_Father_of_Jewish_Renewal,_Dies_at_89.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> After the [[Anschluss]], Schacter-Shalomi's family moved to [[Antwerp]], Belgium, where he trained briefly as a diamond-cutter. After the Nazi conquest of The Netherlands, the Schacter family sought visas to the United States, and travelled to [[Marseille]], but found themselves on the wrong side of the border of [[German military administration in occupied France during World War II| Nazi-occupied France]]. Schachter was interned in a detention camp under the [[Vichy French]], where he met [[Menachem Mendel Shneerson]], later to become the seventh Lubavitcher rebbe. The Schacter family eventually escaped the [[Nazi]] advance by obtaining visas to the United States in 1941, via North Africa and the Caribbean. On arriving in New York, Schacter contacted the sixth Lubavitcher Rebbe, [[Yosef Yitzchok Schneersohn]], using his meeting with Menachem Mendel Schneersohn as a pretext. Schneersohn provided his family with employment and sent Schacter to [[Tomchei Temimim]], the Chabad yeshiva. He was [[Semicha|ordained]] as an [[Orthodox Judaism|Orthodox]] [[rabbi]] in 1947 within the [[Chabad Lubavitch]] community, and served Chabad congregations in Massachusetts and Connecticut.
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