Editing Zagreb (section)

==Name==
The etymology of the name ''Zagreb'' is unclear. It was used for the united city only from 1852, but it had been in use as the name of the [[Zagreb bishopric|Zagreb Diocese]] since the 12th century and was increasingly used for the city in the 17th century.<ref>For instance, ''Zagrabia'' in [[Giovanni Giacomo de Rossi]]'s ''Mercurio Geografico'' (''Dalmatia Istria Bosnia Servia Croatia parte di Schiavonia [...]'', Rome, c. 1692; [http://www.swaen.com/item.php?id=13422 swaen.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170729095621/http://www.swaen.com/item.php?id=13422 |date=29 July 2017 }}).</ref>
The name is first recorded in a charter by [[Felician, Archbishop of Esztergom]], dated 1134, mentioned as {{lang|la|Zagrabiensem episcopatum}}.<ref>Cod. Dipl. II 42: ''rex diuina gratia inspirante ... Zagrabiensem constituit episcopatum videlicet ut quos error idolatrie a dei cultura extraneos fecerat, episcopalis cuira ad viam veritatis reduceret.''
Mladen ANČIĆ, [https://hrcak.srce.hr/164151 "Dva teksta iz sredine 14. stoljeća. Prilog poznavanju „društvenog znanja“ u Hrvatskom Kraljevstvu] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170222195658/http://hrcak.srce.hr/164151 |date=22 February 2017 }} ("Two works from the middle of the 14th century: Contribution to the understanding of "social knowledge" in the Croatian Kingdom") ''Starohrvatska prosvjeta'' III.40 (2013).</ref>

The name is probably derived from Proto-Slavic word [[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/grębъ|*''grębъ'']] which means "hill" or "uplift". An Old Croatian reconstructed name [[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/Zagrębъ|*''Zagrębъ'']] is manifested through the city's former German name, '''Agram'''.<ref name="Gluhak 1999">{{cite journal |title=Neke praslavenske riječi u hrvatskome |via=[[Hrčak]] |journal=Hrvatski dijalektološki zbornik |date=14 November 1999 |issue=11 |pages=11–20 |url=https://hrcak.srce.hr/168641 |access-date=10 July 2017 |last1=Gluhak |first1=Alemko |archive-date=13 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171013065547/http://hrcak.srce.hr/168641 |url-status=live }}</ref> Some linguists (''e.g.'' [[Nada Klaić]], [[Miroslav Kravar]]) propose a [[metathesis (linguistics)|metathesis]] of *''Zabreg'', which would originate from Old Slavic ''breg'' (see Proto-Slavic [[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/bergъ|*''bergъ'']]) in the sense of "riverbank", referring to River Sava. This metathesis has been attested in [[Kajkavian]],<ref name="Gračanin 2012">{{cite book |last1=Gračanin |first1=Hrvoje |editor1-last=Goldstein |editor1-first=Slavko |editor1-link=Ivo Goldstein |title=Povijest Grada Zagreba |trans-title=History of the City of Zagreb |volume=1 |date=2012 |publisher=Novi Liber |isbn=9789536045815 |page=22 |language=hr |chapter=Zagrebačko područje do osnutka Biskupije |trans-chapter=Zagreb area before the founding of Zagreb Diocese}}</ref> but the meaning of "riverbank" is lost in modern Croatian and [[folk etymology]] associates it instead with ''breg'' "hill", ostensibly referring to Medvednica. Hungarian linguist Gyula Décsy similarly uses metathesis to construct *''Chaprakov(o)'', a putative Slavicisation of a Hungarian [[hypocorism]] for "[[Cyprian]]", similar to the etymology of [[Csepreg]], Hungary.<ref name="Desy1990">Décsy, Gyula in: Jean-Claude Boulanger (ed.) ''Actes du XVIe Congrès international des sciences onomastiques: Québec, Université Laval, 16–22 août 1987 : le nom propre au carrefour des études humaines et des sciences sociales'', Presses Université Laval (1990), {{ISBN|978-2-7637-7213-4}}. [https://books.google.com/books?id=MLChUpf_66EC&pg=PA202 p. 202] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230410060442/https://books.google.com/books?id=MLChUpf_66EC&pg=PA202 |date=10 April 2023 }}.</ref> The most likely derivation is *''Zagrębъ'' in the sense of "embankment" or "rampart", ''i.e.'' remains of the 1st millennium fortifications on [[Gradec, Zagreb|Grič]].<ref name="Gračanin 2012" /><ref name="Gluhak 1999" />

In [[Middle Latin]] and [[Neo-Latin|Modern Latin]], Zagreb is known as ''Agranum'' (the name of an unrelated Arabian city in [[Strabo]]),{{citation needed|date=June 2024}} ''Zagrabia'' or ''Mons Graecensis'' (also ''Mons Crecensis'', in reference to [[Gradec, Zagreb|Grič (Gradec)]]).

The most common folk etymology of the name of the city has been from the verb stem ''[[:wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/za|za]]-[[:wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/grobъ|grab-]]'', meaning "to scoop" or "to dig". A folk legend illustrating this derivation, attested but discarded as a serious etymology by [[Ivan Tkalčić]],
ties the name to a drought of the early 14th century, during which [[Augustin Kažotić]] (c. 1260–1323) is said to have dug a well which miraculously produced water.<ref>Nikola Štambak, ''Zagreb'' (2004), [https://books.google.com/books?id=QM-ldXH50iAC&pg=PA77 p. 77] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405183509/https://books.google.com/books?id=QM-ldXH50iAC&pg=PA77 |date=5 April 2023 }}.</ref>
In another legend,<ref>{{cite web |title='BILA JEDNOM MANDA BAJNA, GRABILA JE IZ BUNARA' Legenda o Manduševcu i nastanku imena Zagreb |url=http://www.zagreb.info/ritam-grada/zagrebacki-misteriji/bila-jednom-manda-bajna-grabila-je-iz-bunara-legenda-o-mandusevcu-i-nastanku-imena-zagreb/10008 |access-date=20 June 2017 |archive-date=23 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170623031019/http://www.zagreb.info/ritam-grada/zagrebacki-misteriji/bila-jednom-manda-bajna-grabila-je-iz-bunara-legenda-o-mandusevcu-i-nastanku-imena-zagreb/10008 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=LEGENDA O IMENU ZAGREBA: Što se krije iza priče o Mandi i žednom junaku? |date=28 December 2016 |url=http://www.zagreb.info/ritam-grada/zagrebacki-misteriji/legenda-o-imenu-zagreba-sto-se-krije-iza-price-o-mandi-i-zednom-junaku/102904 |access-date=20 June 2017 |archive-date=8 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170608105500/http://www.zagreb.info/ritam-grada/zagrebacki-misteriji/legenda-o-imenu-zagreba-sto-se-krije-iza-price-o-mandi-i-zednom-junaku/102904 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Poznate i nepoznate legende o Zagrebu i okolici! - Narodni.NET |date=17 January 2012 |url=http://narodni.net/poznate-nepoznate-legende-zagrebu-okolici/ |access-date=20 June 2017 |archive-date=28 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170628071256/http://narodni.net/poznate-nepoznate-legende-zagrebu-okolici |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Manduševac, fontana po kojoj je Zagreb dobio ime |url=http://www.zgportal.com/o-zagrebu/simboli-grada-zagreba/mandusevac-fontana-po-kojoj-je-zagreb-dobio-ime/ |access-date=20 June 2017 |archive-date=29 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629142855/http://www.zgportal.com/o-zagrebu/simboli-grada-zagreba/mandusevac-fontana-po-kojoj-je-zagreb-dobio-ime/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Zagreb nije oduvijek bio Zagreb. Znate li kako se zvao? – Večernji.hr |url=https://www.vecernji.hr/zagreb/zagreb-nije-oduvijek-bio-zagreb-znate-li-kako-se-zvao-601895 |access-date=20 June 2017 |archive-date=29 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170729092303/https://www.vecernji.hr/zagreb/zagreb-nije-oduvijek-bio-zagreb-znate-li-kako-se-zvao-601895 |url-status=live }}</ref> a city governor is thirsty and orders a girl named Manda to "scoop" water from the [[Ban Jelačić Square#History|Manduševac]] well (nowadays a fountain in Ban Jelačić Square), using the imperative: ''Zagrabi, Mando!'' ("Scoop, Manda!").<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20071224154308/http://kulturniturizam.croatia.hr/Home/Legende.aspx?idLanguage=2&idDocument=2547 "Legend about Zagreb".] Croatian National Tourist Board. Retrieved on 12 November 2008.</ref>