Editing York University (section)

==History==
[[File:YorkFaculty1961.jpg|thumb|right|York University Faculty Members, 1961]]
York University was established in 1959 as a non-denominational institution by the ''York University Act'',<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=http://www.yorku.ca/secretariat/documents/act1959.htm|title=York University Act, 1959|publisher=Yorku.ca|access-date=2011-03-02|archive-date=2009-03-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090310174056/http://www.yorku.ca/secretariat/documents/act1959.htm|url-status=dead }}</ref> which received [[Royal Assent]] in the [[Legislative Assembly of Ontario]] on 26 March of that year.<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite encyclopedia|author=P. Anisef, J. Lennards|url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/university|title=Universities in Canada|encyclopedia=[[The Canadian Encyclopedia]]|access-date=August 17, 2019|archive-date=October 25, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191025162902/https://thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/university|url-status=live}}</ref> Its first class was held in September 1960 in Falconer Hall on the [[University of Toronto]] campus with a total of 76 students.<ref name="autogenerated2">{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/york-university|title=York University|encyclopedia=The Canadian Encyclopedia|date=March 4, 2015|access-date=August 17, 2019|archive-date=June 28, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190628014722/https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/york-university|url-status=live}}</ref>

The policy of university education initiated in the 1960s responded to population pressure and the belief that [[higher education]] was a key to social justice and economic productivity for individuals and for society.<ref name="autogenerated1" /> The governance was modelled on the provincial ''University of Toronto Act'' of 1906, which established a bicameral system of university government consisting of a senate (faculty), responsible for academic policy, and a board of governors (citizens) exercising exclusive control over financial policy and having formal authority in all other matters. The president, appointed by the board, was to provide a link between the two bodies and to perform institutional leadership.<ref name="autogenerated1"/>

In the fall of 1961, York moved to its first campus, [[Glendon College]], and began to emphasize liberal arts and part-time adult education.<ref name="autogenerated1" /> York became independent in 1965, after an initial period of affiliation with the [[University of Toronto]] (U of T), under the ''York University Act, 1965''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.yorku.ca/secretariat/documents/act1965.htm|title=York University Act, 1965|publisher=Yorku.ca|access-date=2011-03-02|archive-date=2009-08-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090826125847/http://www.yorku.ca/secretariat/documents/act1965.htm|url-status=dead }}</ref> Its main campus on the northern outskirts of Toronto opened in 1965.<ref name="autogenerated2" />

Murray Ross, who continues to be honoured today at the university in several ways – including the Murray G. Ross (Valedictorian) Award – was still vice-president of U of T when he was approached to become York University's new president.<ref name="Pound2005">{{cite book|title=Fitzhenry and Whiteside Book of Canadian Facts and Dates |last=Pound|first=Richard W.|publisher=Fitzhenry and Whiteside|year=2005}}</ref> At the time, York University was envisaged as a feeder campus to U of T, until Ross's powerful vision led it to become a completely separate institution.<ref>Ross, Murray. ''The Way Must be Tried: Memoirs of a University Man''. Toronto: Stoddart Publishing Company, 1992.</ref>

In 1965, the university opened a second campus, the [[Keele Campus]], in [[North York]], in the Jane and Finch community.<ref name=":1" /> The [[Glendon College|Glendon]] campus became a [[bilingualism in Canada|bilingual]] [[liberal arts college]] led by [[Escott Reid]], who envisaged it as a national institution to educate Canada's future leaders, a vision shared by Prime Minister [[Lester Pearson]], who formally opened Glendon College in 1966.<ref name=":1">{{cite web|url=https://www.library.yorku.ca/dspace/handle/123456789/701|title=YorkSpace: Item 123456789/701|publisher=Library.yorku.ca|date=1966-09-30|access-date=2011-03-02}}</ref>

The first Canadian undergraduate program in dance opened at York University in 1970.<ref name="Pound2005" /> In 1972, [[Canada Post]] featured the nascent institution on 8¢ stamps, entitled ''York University Campus, North York, Ont.''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://data4.collectionscanada.gc.ca/netacgi/nph-brs?s1=(University.TITP.)+Or+(University.TITI.+And+null.B742.)&l=20&d=STMP&p=1&u=http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/archivianet/02011702_e.html&r=16&f=G&Sect1=STMP|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150904032908/http://data4.collectionscanada.gc.ca/netacgi/nph-brs?s1=%28University.TITP.%29+Or+%28University.TITI.+And+null.B742.%29&l=20&d=STMP&p=1&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.collectionscanada.gc.ca%2Farchivianet%2F02011702_e.html&r=16&f=G&Sect1=STMP|url-status=dead|archive-date=2015-09-04|title=Postage Stamp|publisher=Data4.collectionscanada.gc.ca|access-date=2014-01-06 }}</ref> The first Canadian PhD program in women's studies opened with five candidates in January 1992.<ref name="Pound2005" />

Its bilingual mandate and focus on the liberal arts continue to shape Glendon's special status within York University.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.yorku.ca/ycom/profiles/past/aug00/current/features/article1.htm|title=Profiles Online – August 2000 – Features: GUIDING PRINCIPALS|publisher=Yorku.ca|access-date=2011-03-02|archive-date=2007-02-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070223175629/http://www.yorku.ca/ycom/profiles/past/aug00/current/features/article1.htm|url-status=live }}</ref> The new Keele Campus was regarded as somewhat isolated, in a generally industrialized part of the city. Petrol storage facilities are still across the street. Some of the early architecture was unpopular with many, not only for the [[brutalism|brutalist]] designs, but the vast expanses between buildings, which was not viewed as suitable for the climate. In the last two decades, the campus has been intensified with new buildings, including a dedicated student centre and new fine arts, computer science and business administration buildings, a small shopping mall, and a [[Beatrice Ice Gardens|hockey arena]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bdcnetwork.com/new-bold-and-twisting-building-consolidates-school-continuing-studies-york-university|title=New 'bold and twisting' building consolidates School of Continuing Studies at York University|date=11 May 2023|access-date=2024-04-26}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.canadianarchitect.com/york-universitys-student-centre-celebrates-a-diverse-student-body/|title=York University's Student Centre celebrates a diverse student body|date=3 Dec 2010|access-date=2024-04-26}}</ref>  The [[Aviva Centre]] tennis stadium, built in 2004, is a perennial host of the [[Canada Masters]] tennis tournament. As Toronto has spread further out, York has found itself in a relatively central location within the built-up [[Greater Toronto Area]] (GTA), and in particular, near the [[Jane and Finch]] neighbourhood. Its master plan envisages a denser on-campus environment commensurate with that location. Students occupied the university's administration offices in March 1997, protesting escalating tuition hikes.<ref name="Pound2005" />

In June 2014, the university announced that a new campus would be constructed in [[Markham, Ontario]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.yorkregion.com/news-story/4485061-update-markham-vaughan-richmond-hill-make-york-university-short-list/|title=UPDATE: Markham, Vaughan, Richmond Hill make York University short list|date=25 April 2014|access-date=2014-06-30|archive-date=2015-06-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150620040707/http://www.yorkregion.com/news-story/4485061-update-markham-vaughan-richmond-hill-make-york-university-short-list/|url-status=live}}</ref>  The campus will be built near Highway 407, between Kennedy Road and Warden Avenue in partnership with [[Seneca College]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://yestoyork.ca/|title=Yes to York|access-date=5 July 2015|archive-date=6 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150706032344/http://yestoyork.ca/|url-status=live}}</ref>  The new campus would house approximately 4,200 students<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.yorku.ca/2017/11/29/york-university-markham-centre-campus-will-feature-light-filled-flexible-space-students/|title=York University Markham Centre Campus will feature light-filled flexible space for students - York Media Relations|date=29 November 2017|access-date=8 August 2018|archive-date=9 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180809175515/http://news.yorku.ca/2017/11/29/york-university-markham-centre-campus-will-feature-light-filled-flexible-space-students/|url-status=live}}</ref> and is anticipated to accommodate up to 10,000 students in future phases.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://impact.yorku.ca/york-university-welcomes-127-3-million-ontario-government-funding-markham-centre-campus/|title=York University welcomes $127.3-million in Ontario government funding for Markham Centre Campus - IMPACT: THE CAMPAIGN FOR YORK UNIVERSITY|access-date=8 August 2018|archive-date=29 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180729130145/http://impact.yorku.ca/york-university-welcomes-127-3-million-ontario-government-funding-markham-centre-campus/|url-status=live}}</ref> On May 20, 2015, the provincial government announced it will provide financial contribution to this new project.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2015/05/20/new-york-u-seneca-campus-to-be-built-in-markham.html|title=York U-Seneca campus to be built in Markham|date=20 May 2015|work=thestar.com|access-date=5 July 2015|archive-date=27 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150727215938/http://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2015/05/20/new-york-u-seneca-campus-to-be-built-in-markham.html|url-status=live}}</ref> On October 24, 2018, the provincial government announced it would pull its funding for the campus, along with funding for the planned satellite campuses of [[Wilfrid Laurier University#Planned Milton campus|Laurier University]] and [[Toronto Metropolitan University]] (then Ryerson University).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.ontario.ca/maesd/en/2018/10/government-of-ontario-ensuring-fiscal-responsibility-and-accountability.html|title=Government of Ontario Ensuring Fiscal Responsibility and Accountability|work=Newsroom : Government of Ontario|publisher=Queen's Printer for Ontario|access-date=2018-10-24|archive-date=2018-10-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181024090633/https://news.ontario.ca/maesd/en/2018/10/government-of-ontario-ensuring-fiscal-responsibility-and-accountability.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://globalnews.ca/news/4588272/doug-ford-government-cancels-post-secondary-campus-expansions-in-brampton-milton-markham/|title=Doug Ford government cancels funding for post-secondary campus expansions in Brampton, Milton, Markham|work=Global News|publisher=Shaw Media|access-date=2018-10-24|archive-date=2018-10-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181024013653/https://globalnews.ca/news/4588272/doug-ford-government-cancels-post-secondary-campus-expansions-in-brampton-milton-markham/|url-status=live}}</ref> After this cancellation of funding for the Markham project, York University and its partners planned to seek alternative funding.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cp24.com/news/partners-behind-york-u-markham-campus-vow-to-continue-despite-lack-of-provincial-funds-1.4151849|title=Partners behind York U Markham campus vow to continue despite lack of provincial funds|date=2018-10-26|work=CP24|publisher=Bell Media|access-date=2018-10-27|archive-date=2018-10-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181027013503/https://www.cp24.com/news/partners-behind-york-u-markham-campus-vow-to-continue-despite-lack-of-provincial-funds-1.4151849|url-status=live}}</ref> In July 2020, the provincial government allowed plans for the university to go through. The Markham Campus opened for the Fall 2024 session.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.yorku.ca/markham/2024/09/10/york-universitys-markham-campus-welcomes-new-students-with-special-appearances-by-markham-mayor-and-university-president/|title=York University's Markham Campus welcomes new students with special appearances by Markham Mayor and University President|date=10 September 2024 }}</ref>