Editing York (section)

==Toponymy==
[[File:Arms_of_City_of_York.svg|thumb|150px|[[Coat of arms of York]] (simple)]]
The city's name is derived from [[Common Brittonic|Brittonic]] {{lang|cel|Eburākon}} "place of yew trees", [[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/-ākos|*-āko(n)]], a suffix of [[appurtenance]] meaning "belonging to", or "place of" (compare Welsh {{lang|cy|-og}}).<ref name="Xavier Delamarre 2003, p. 159">Xavier Delamarre, ''Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise'', éditions errance 2003, p. 159.</ref> 

The first element is possibly [[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/eburos|eburos]] "[[Taxus baccata|yew tree]]": some contemporary descendants of the word are [[Welsh language|Welsh]] {{lang|cy|efwr}} "[[common hogweed|hogweed]]"; [[Scottish Gaelic]] {{lang|gd|iubhar}}, [[Irish language|Irish]] {{lang|ga|iúr}} "yew tree"and a German (via Gaulish) cognate {{lang|de| Eberesche}} "[[rowan tree]]". {{lang|cel|Eburos}} ({{lang|grc|Eβουρος}}, {{lang|la|Eburus}}, {{lang|la|Eburius}}) was also a [[Celtic languages|Celtic]] personal name, so {{lang|cel|Eburākon}} could also mean "the property of Eburos".<ref>Pierre-Yves Lambert, ''La langue gauloise'', éditions errance 1994, p. 39.</ref><ref name="Xavier Delamarre 2003, p. 159"/> Indeed, the 12th‑century chronicler [[Geoffrey of Monmouth]], in his fictional account of the prehistoric kings of Britain, {{lang|la|[[Historia Regum Britanniae]]}}, suggests the name derives from that of a pre-Roman city founded by the legendary king [[Ebraucus]].<ref>{{cite book |author=Geoffrey of Monmouth |url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/History_of_the_Kings_of_Britain/Book_2#7 |title=Historia Regum Britanniae |year=1136 |access-date=9 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160414000917/https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/History_of_the_Kings_of_Britain/Book_2#7 |archive-date=14 April 2016 |url-status=live |via=[[Wikisource]]}}</ref>

The name was [[Latin (language)|Latinised]] by the [[Roman Empire|Romans]] as {{lang|la|[[Eboracum]]}} or {{lang|la|Eburacum}}, {{lang|gd|Eabhraig}} in Scottish Gaelic and {{lang|ga|Eabhrac}} in Irish derived from the Latin name. It was [[Angles (tribe)|Anglicised]] as {{lang|ang|Eoforwic}} in the 7th century: a reinterpreted conflation of {{lang|ang|eofor}} "boar" and {{lang|ang|-wic}}, meaning "village". It was re-rendered, after the [[Great Heathen Army]] of 866 captured the city, in [[Old Norse]] to {{lang|non|Jórvík}}.<ref name="coyyh">{{cite web|url=http://www.york.gov.uk/leisure/Local_history_and_heritage/yorks_history/|title=York's history|publisher=City of York Council|date=20 December 2006|access-date=1 October 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071031235552/http://www.york.gov.uk/leisure/Local_history_and_heritage/yorks_history/|archive-date=31 October 2007}}</ref> The [[Old French]] and [[Norman language|Norman]] name of the city following the [[Norman conquest of England|Norman Conquest]] was recorded as {{lang|xno|Everwic}} (modern Norman {{lang|nrf|Évèroui}}) in works such as Wace's ''[[Roman de Rou]]'' and as ''Euruic'' in the [[Domesday Book]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Wace|first1=Robert|title=Le Roman de Rou et des ducs de Normandie|url=http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k65499509/f362|website=BnF Gallica|access-date=15 September 2016|page=362|quote=Li Barunz de Everwic Schire (the barons of Yorkshire)|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161109065801/http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k65499509/f362|archive-date=9 November 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Mills |first=A. D. |title=A Dictionary of British Place Names |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2011 |isbn=9780191739446 |doi=10.1093/acref/9780199609086.001.0001 |via=Oxford Reference}}</ref> {{lang|non|Jórvík}}, meanwhile, gradually reduced to ''York'' in the centuries after the Conquest, moving from the [[Middle English]] {{lang|enm|Yerk}} in the 14th century through {{lang|enm|Yourke}} in the 16th century to ''Yarke'' in the 17th century. The form ''York'' was first recorded in the 13th century.<ref name="timeline">{{cite web|url= http://www.visityork.org/information/timeline.asp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080108205146/http://www.visityork.org/information/timeline.asp|archive-date=8 January 2008|publisher=York Tourism Bureau|title=Timeline|year=2005|access-date=25 October 2007}}</ref><ref name="Willis35">{{cite book|last=Willis|first=Ronald|year=1988|title=The illustrated portrait of York|edition=4th|publisher=Robert Hale Limited|isbn=0-7090-3468-7|page=35}}</ref>

The [[Archbishop of York]] signs his surname as ''Ebor'' (abbreviating {{lang|la|Eboracensis}}).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.debretts.com/forms-of-address/professions/religion/church-of-england/archbishops-of-canterbury-and-york.aspx|title=How to address the Archbishops of Canterbury and York – Forms of Address, Church of England, Religion|publisher=Debretts.com|access-date=4 December 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120121101106/http://www.debretts.com/forms-of-address/professions/religion/church-of-england/archbishops-of-canterbury-and-york.aspx|archive-date=21 January 2012}}</ref> Company and place names, also use the clipped Latin term, such as for the [[Ebor Festival]], and Yorvik.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.yorkfestivals.com/metadot/index.pl?iid=2757&isa=Category|title=Ebor Festival|publisher=York City of Festivals|access-date=17 May 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718142734/http://www.yorkfestivals.com/metadot/index.pl?iid=2757&isa=Category|archive-date=18 July 2011}}</ref>