Editing World on Fire (book) (section)

==Summary==
The concept of market-dominant minority was introduced by Chua in a 1998 paper ''Markets, Democracy, and Ethnicity''.<ref>Amy L. Chua, [http://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1340&context=fss_papers "Markets, Democracy, and Ethnicity: Toward a New Paradigm for Law and Development"],  Faculty Scholarship Series. Paper 341, ''Yale Law Journal'', vol. 108, issue 1,  pp. 1–108 (1998).</ref> In the [[Philippines]], Chua notes that the [[Chinese Filipino|Chinese]] community comprise one percent of the population but control 60 percent of the private economy, with the result being resentment on the part of the Filipino majority against the Chinese minority creating an [[ethnic conflict]]. Similarly, in [[Indonesia]] the [[Chinese Indonesian]] community make up three percent of the [[population]] but control 75 percent of the economy. Similar patterns occur throughout other [[Southeast Asia]]n economies.

Chua gives examples of the concept that she calls ethnic "market-dominant minorities" such as the [[Overseas Chinese]] in [[Bamboo network|Southeast Asia]]; European diasporas throughout [[White Latin American|Latin America]] and [[White Africans of European ancestry|Africa]]; [[Israeli Jews]] in Israel and the Middle East; [[Russian Jewish]] [[Russian oligarch|Oligarch]]s in [[post-communist Russia|post-Communist Russia]]; [[Croats]] in the former [[Yugoslavia]]; [[Non-resident Indian and person of Indian origin|Overseas Indians]] in [[Indian diaspora in Southeast Africa|East Africa]], [[Lebanese diaspora|Overseas Lebanese]] in [[West Africa]] and [[Lebanese Mexican|Mexico]], and the [[Yoruba people|Yoruba]], [[Igbo people|Igbos]], [[Kikuyu people|Kikuyus]], [[Tutsis]] in [[Nigeria]], [[Kenya]], and [[Rwanda]].<ref name="yaleglobal">{{cite web |url=http://yaleglobal.yale.edu/content/mixing-free-market-minority-domination-and-democracy-results-world-fire |title=Mixing Free Market, Minority Domination and Democracy Results in World On Fire |publisher=Yale Global |author=Pat Sewell |date=February 10, 2003}}</ref><!-- fixed broken link, using clue here linking yale global "929" with actual title and author -->

In the book, Chua discusses different reasons for the market dominance of different groups. Some groups inherited market dominance because of colonial legacies and [[apartheid]]. In other cases, it may be due to the culture and family networks of these groups. For many groups there is no clear single explanation.<ref name="berkeley" />

Americans and the United States can also be seen as a global market-dominant minority, in particular when combined with their use of cultural soft power, military strength, economic might, and flaunting political hegemony, thereby causing resentment throughout the world.<ref name="yaleglobal" />

Chua believes that [[democratization]] can increase ethnic conflicts when an ethnic minority is disproportionately wealthy, arguing that "When free market democracy is pursued in the presence of a market-dominant minority, the almost invariable result is [[backlash (sociology)|backlash]]. This backlash typically takes one of three forms. The first is a backlash against markets, targeting the market-dominant minority's wealth. The second is a backlash against democracy by forces favorable to the market-dominant minority. The third is violence, sometimes [[genocide|genocidal]], directed against the market-dominant minority itself."<ref>{{cite book  | last = Chua  | first = Amy  | author-link = Amy Chua  | title = World on Fire  | publisher = [[Doubleday (publisher)|Doubleday]]  | year = 2002  | isbn = 0-385-50302-4  | url-access = registration  | url = https://archive.org/details/worldonfirehowex00chua  }}</ref>  Also, "overnight democracy will empower the poor, indigenous majority. What happens is that under those circumstances, democracy doesn't do what we expect it to do – that is, reinforce markets. [Instead,] democracy leads to the emergence of manipulative politicians and demagogues who find that the best way to get votes is by scapegoating the minorities." She writes, "Ballot boxes brought [[Adolf Hitler|Hitler]] to power in Germany, [[Robert Mugabe|Mugabe]] to power in Zimbabwe, [[Slobodan Milošević|Milosevic]] to power in Serbia — and could well bring the likes of [[Osama bin Laden]] to power in Saudi Arabia."<ref name="berkeley">{{cite web |url=http://globetrotter.berkeley.edu/people4/Chua/chua-con3.html |title=Conversation with Amy Chua: Markets and Democracy |author=Harry Kreisler |author-link=Harry Kreisler |publisher=Institute of International Studies |location=UC Berkeley |year=2004}}</ref>

Chua states that she is a "big fan of trying to promote markets and democracy globally," but that it should be accompanied by attempts to "redistribute the wealth, whether it's property title and giving poor people property, land reform ... Redistributive mechanisms are tough to have if you have so much corruption."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://globetrotter.berkeley.edu/people4/Chua/chua-con5.html |title=Conversation with Amy Chua: Policy Implications |author=Harry Kreisler |author-link=Harry Kreisler |publisher=Institute of International Studies |location=UC Berkeley |year=2004}}</ref>