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Winnie Madikizela-Mandela
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==Early life and education== Madikizela-Mandela's [[Xhosa language|Xhosa]] name was Nomzamo. She was born in the village of [[Mbhongweni]],<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130316233444/http://www.sahistory.org.za/people/winnie-madikizela-mandela Madikizela-Mandela profile]. Sahistory.org.za. Retrieved 30 May 2011.</ref> [[Bizana, Eastern Cape|Bizana, Pondoland]], in what is now the [[Eastern Cape]] province. She was the fifth of nine children, seven sisters and a brother. Her parents, Columbus and Gertrude, who had a white father and Xhosa mother,<ref name="wapoResurrected1994"/> were both teachers. Columbus was a history teacher and a headmaster, and Gertrude was a domestic science teacher. Madikizela-Mandela went on to become the head girl at her high school in Bizana.<ref name="economistObit">{{cite news|url=https://www.economist.com/news/obituary/21739937-anti-apartheid-campaigner-turned-soweto-mafia-matriarch-was-81-winnie-mandela-died-april|title=Winnie Mandela died on April 2nd|newspaper=The Economist}}</ref><ref name="theConversationNomzamoFromBizana">{{cite news|url=https://theconversation.com/nomzamo-from-bizana-remembering-winnie-madikizela-as-a-young-woman-94443|title=Nomzamo from Bizana: remembering Winnie Madikizela as a young woman|first=Vashna|last=Jagarnath|work=The Conversation}}</ref> Upon leaving school, she went to [[Johannesburg]] to study social work at the [[Jan H. Hofmeyr School of Social Work|Jan Hofmeyr School of Social Work]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=Winnie Madikizela. |last=Van Wyk|first=Chris|publisher=Awareness Publishing|year=2003|isbn=1-919910-12-3|pages=5–9}}</ref> She earned a degree in social work in 1956, and decades later earned a bachelor's degree in [[international relations]] from the [[University of the Witwatersrand]].<ref name="news24graduatewits">{{cite web|url=https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/Winnie-graduates-after-38yrs-20050518|title=Winnie graduates after 38yrs|publisher=News24|access-date=15 April 2018|archive-date=15 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180415125259/https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/Winnie-graduates-after-38yrs-20050518|url-status=dead}}</ref> She held a number of jobs in various parts of what was then the [[Bantustan]] of [[Transkei]]; including with the Transkei government, living at various points of time at Bizana, Shawbury and [[Johannesburg]]. Her first job was as a social worker at [[Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital|Baragwanath Hospital]] in [[Soweto]].<ref name="BioBook">{{cite book|last=Preez Bezdrob|first=Anné Mariè|year= 2015|title=Winnie Mandela: A Life|location=South Africa|publisher=Penguin Random House|isbn=978-1868729265}}</ref>
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