Editing William Shockley (section)

==Early life and education==
Shockley was born to American parents in [[London]] on February 13, 1910, and was raised in his family's hometown of [[Palo Alto]], California, from the age of three.<ref name="IREProceedings1952" /> His father, [[William Hillman Shockley]], was a [[mining engineer]] who speculated in mines for a living and spoke eight languages. His mother, [[May Bradford Shockley|May (née Bradford)]], grew up in the American West, graduated from [[Stanford University]] and became the first female U.S. Deputy mining surveyor.<ref name="Shurkin2006p3" /> Shockley was homeschooled up to the age of eight, due to his parents' dislike of public schools as well as Shockley's habit of violent tantrums.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Palo Alto History|url=http://www.paloaltohistory.org/william-shockley.php|access-date=December 14, 2020|website=www.paloaltohistory.org|quote=In Palo Alto, William's temper improved little at first.  But ignoring psychiatric recommendations for more socialization, his parents decided to home school William until age eight.  Finally, feeling they were unable to keep him out of a school setting any longer, they sent him to the Homer Avenue School for two years, where his behavior improved dramatically --- he even earned an "A" in comportment in his first year.}}</ref> Shockley learned a little physics at a young age from a neighbor who was a Stanford physics professor.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=September 10, 1974 |title=William Shockley |url=https://www.aip.org/history-programs/niels-bohr-library/oral-histories/4889 |access-date=2022-07-17 |website=American Institute of Physics |language=en}}</ref> Shockley spent two years at [[Harker School|Palo Alto Military Academy]], then briefly enrolled in the Los Angeles Coaching School to study physics and later graduated from [[Hollywood High School]] in 1927.<ref name=":1">{{cite web|url =https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-dec-02-tm-10501-story.html|title =The Twisted Legacy of William Shockley|first =Michael A.|last =Hiltzik|website =Los Angeles Times|date =December 2, 2001}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Moll|first=John L.|url=http://www.nasonline.org/publications/biographical-memoirs/memoir-pdfs/shockley-w.pdf|title=A Biographical Memoir of William Bradford Shockley|publisher=National Academies Press|year=1995|location=Washington, D.C.}}</ref>

Shockley earned his Bachelor of Science degree from [[California Institute of Technology|Caltech]] in 1932 and a PhD from [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology|MIT]] in 1936. The title of his doctoral thesis was ''Electronic Bands in Sodium Chloride'', a topic suggested by his thesis advisor, [[John C. Slater]].<ref name="Shurkin2006pp38–39" />