Editing Wilhelm scream (section)

==History==
[[File:Sheb Wooley 1971.JPG|thumb|The probable voice of the scream, [[Sheb Wooley]] ]]
The Wilhelm scream originates from a series of sound effects recorded for the 1951 movie ''[[Distant Drums]]''.<ref name="Wired" /><ref name="times" /> In a scene from the film, soldiers fleeing a [[Seminole]] group are wading through a swamp in the [[Everglades]], and one of them is bitten and dragged underwater by an [[American alligator|alligator]]. The screams for that scene, and other scenes in the movie, were recorded later in a single take. The recording was titled "Man getting bit by an alligator, and he screams." The fifth take of the scream was used for the soldier in the alligator scene.<ref name="times" /><ref name="Lost1" />{{efn|The fourth, fifth, and sixth screams recorded in the session were used earlier in the film, reportedly when several [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|Native Americans]] are shot during a raid on a [[Fortification#North America|U.S. Army fort]].}} The 4th take would later become known as the "Wilhelm scream". It is thought to have been voiced by actor [[Sheb Wooley]] (who also played the uncredited role of Pvt. Jessup in ''Distant Drums'').<ref name="Widow" />

Because the costs of creating sound effects were high at that time, the scream was reused in a number of other [[Warner Bros.]] films in that era.<ref name="cbs morning">{{cite video | url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Fm39bUqjqU | title = An iconic Hollywood sound effect called the Wilhelm scream was uncovered in an archive | publisher = [[CBS News]] | date = June 28, 2023 | access-date = June 30, 2023 }}</ref> Other films using the scream include ''[[Springfield Rifle (film)|Springfield Rifle]]'' (1952),<ref>https://www.backstage.com/magazine/article/wilhelm-scream-explained-75982/ {{Bare URL inline|date=May 2025}}</ref><ref>https://www.ladbible.com/entertainment/film/wilhelm-scream-sound-effect-origin-explained-film-384254-20240726 {{Bare URL inline|date=May 2025}}</ref><ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6mp_tMV9YoU {{Bare URL inline|date=May 2025}}</ref> ''[[The Charge at Feather River]]'' (1953),<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thevintagenews.com/2018/04/23/wilhelm-scream/ |title=The origin of the Wilhelm scream, the most famous sound effect in the history of cinema |first=Domagoj |last=Valjak |date=April 23, 2018 |access-date=August 24, 2018 |work=The Vintage News}}</ref> [[A Star Is Born (1954 film)|''A Star Is Born'']] (1954),<ref name="Lost1" /> ''[[Them!]]'' (1954), ''[[Land of the Pharaohs]]'' (1955), ''[[The Sea Chase]]'' (1955), ''[[Sergeant Rutledge]]'' (1960), ''[[PT 109 (film)|PT 109]]'' (1963), ''[[The Wild Bunch]]'' (1969),<ref>{{cite web |title=Facts about "The Wild Bunch" (p3) : Classic Movie Hub (CMH) |url=https://www.classicmoviehub.com/facts-and-trivia/film/the-wild-bunch-1969/page/3/ |website=Classic Movie Hub - CMH |access-date=June 17, 2023 |archive-date=April 7, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160407193003/http://www.classicmoviehub.com/facts-and-trivia/film/the-wild-bunch-1969/page/3/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and ''[[The Green Berets (film)|The Green Berets]]'' (1968).<ref name="Lost1" /> 

The Wilhelm scream became iconic in popular culture when motion picture sound designer [[Ben Burtt]], who had come across the original recording on a studio archive sound reel, incorporated it into the scene in ''[[Star Wars (film)|Star Wars]]'' (1977) in which [[Luke Skywalker]] shoots a [[Stormtrooper (Star Wars)|Stormtrooper]] off a ledge. The effect is heard as the Stormtrooper is falling.<ref name="Wired" /><ref name="StarSound" /> Burtt named the scream after Pvt. Wilhelm, a minor character from ''The Charge at Feather River'' who appears to emit the scream, and adopted it as his personal sound signature.<ref name="Lost1" /> Burtt also found use for the effect in ''[[More American Graffiti]]'' (1979); and over the next decades he incorporated it into other films that he worked on, such as ''[[Willow (1988 film)|Willow]]'' (1988),<ref name="Lost1" /> ''[[Gremlins]]'', ''[[Anchorman: The Legend of Ron Burgundy|Anchorman]]'', ''[[Die Hard with a Vengeance]]'', ''[[Lethal Weapon 4]]'', ''[[The Fifth Element]]''<ref name="cbs morning"/> and several [[George Lucas]] and [[Steven Spielberg]] films. Notably, the rest of the ''[[Star Wars]]'' films made under Lucas<ref name="Wired" /> and all the ''[[Indiana Jones]]'' movies included the effect.<ref name="ABC" /><ref name="Wired" />{{efn|It was announced in February 2018 that the ''Star Wars'' franchise would no longer use the Wilhelm scream, with ''[[The Force Awakens]]'' (2015) being the last film in the series to use it.<ref name="retired" /><ref name="CBR" />}}

Following its use in ''Star Wars'', other sound designers have picked up and used the sound effect in works. Inclusion of the sound in films became a tradition among a certain community of sound designers.<ref name="on-the-media" /> The [[National Science and Media Museum]] said that the Wilhelm scream had been featured in more than 400 films as of 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dudley |first=Joshua |date=June 22, 2023 |title=The Wilhelm Scream: The History of Film's Most Popular Sound Effect |url=https://www.backstage.com/magazine/article/wilhelm-scream-explained-75982/ |website=[[Backstage (magazine)|Backstage]]}}</ref>

As of mid-2023, the scream had not been made available in any commercial sound effects library.<ref name="ABC" /> The entire collection of original sources of the sound effects made by Sunset Editorial, which includes the Wilhelm scream, was donated to the [[USC School of Cinematic Arts]] in 1990.<ref name="freesoundcraigsmith" /> In 2023, Craig Smith released a copy of the complete recording from the original session on [[Freesound]] on behalf of the USC under the [[CC0]] license, along with the rest of Sunset Editorial sound effects.<ref name="freesoundcraigsmith">{{cite web |url=https://blog.freesound.org/?p=1515 |title=Preserving the Sunset Editorial Sound Effects Library from the USC Archive |first=Craig |last=Smith |date=March 10, 2023 |access-date=April 8, 2023 |archive-date=April 8, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230408155643/https://blog.freesound.org/?p=1515 |url-status=live }}</ref> On May 20, 2023, the entire collection of Sunset Editorial SFX was mirrored in the [[Internet Archive]] (also under the CC0 license) for the purpose of enabling a wider distribution, especially thanks to its [[BitTorrent]] support.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Scott |first1=Jason |author1-link=Jason Scott |title=CRASH! BARK! BOOM! The USC Sound Effects Library |url=https://blog.archive.org/2023/05/20/crash-bark-boom-the-usc-sound-effects-library/ |website=[[Internet Archive]] |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230531185859/https://blog.archive.org/2023/05/20/crash-bark-boom-the-usc-sound-effects-library/ |archive-date=May 31, 2023 |date=May 20, 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref>

===Voice of the scream===
There is no definitive information identifying the original performer of the scream. However, research by Ben Burtt suggested that Sheb Wooley, best known for his 1958 novelty song "[[The Purple People Eater]]" and his character of American Indian scout Pete Nolan on the television series ''[[Rawhide (TV series)|Rawhide]]'', is likely to have been the voice actor who originally performed the scream. Wooley's widow, Linda Dotson, supported the view that it was Wooley's voice in a 2005 interview.<ref name="Widow" /> Burtt discovered records at Warner Bros. from the editor of ''Distant Drums'', including a short list of names of actors scheduled to record lines of dialogue for miscellaneous roles in the movie. Wooley was one of a few actors assembled for the recording of additional "pick-up" vocal elements for the film. Dotson confirmed Wooley's scream had been in many Westerns, adding that he "always used to joke about how he was so great about screaming and dying in films".<ref name="times" /><ref name="ABC" />