Editing Westfield, Massachusetts (section)

== History ==

The area was originally inhabited by the [[Pocomtuc]], and was called ''Waranoke''<ref>{{cite book |editor-last=Gille |editor-first=Frank H. |date=1998 |title=Encyclopedia of Massachusetts Indians |location=St. Clair Shores, Michigan |publisher=Somerset Publishers, Inc. |page=245 |isbn=0-403-09330-9 |quote=Waranoke was an Algonquian band or village near the site of Westfield, Hampden County Massachusetts. The natives were probably a minor part of the Pennacook confederacy. Descendants are most likely among the Saint Francis Abnaki in Quebec, Canada.}}</ref> or ''Woronoco'' (meaning "the winding land"<ref>''An Historical Address Delivered before the citizens of Springfield in Massachusetts at the public celebration May 26, 1911, of the Two Hundred and Seventy-Fifth Anniversary of the Settlement with Five Appendices'', by Charles H. Barrows. Copyright 1916, Connecticut Valley Historical Society.  Thef. A. Bassett Co. Printers, Springfield, Mass.  Appendix A, "Meaning of Local Indian Names".</ref>). Trading houses were built in 1639 to 1640 by European settlers from the [[Connecticut Colony]]. Massachusetts asserted jurisdiction, and prevailed after a boundary survey. In 1647, Massachusetts made Woronoco part of [[Springfield, Massachusetts|Springfield]].<ref name="dewey1">[http://www.hampdencountyhistory.com/westfield/wf250/p07.html "Chronology of Westfield (1)"], Louis M. Dewey, copyright 1905–1919.</ref> Land was "incrementally purchased from the Native Americans and granted by the Springfield town meeting to English settlers, beginning in 1658." The area of Woronoco or "Streamfield" began to be permanently settled in the 1660s.<ref name="dewey1" /> In 1669, "Westfield" was incorporated as an independent town;<ref name="dewey2">[https://web.archive.org/web/20070829023324/http://www.hampdencountyhistory.com/westfield/wf250/p08.html "Chronology of Westfield (2)"], Louis M. Dewey, copyright 1905–1919.</ref> in 1920, it would be re-incorporated as a city. The name Westfield would be named for being at the time the most westerly settlement. "Streamfield" was considered a name for the town for being settled in between two "streams" that flow downtown, the [[Westfield River]] and the Little River.

From its founding until 1725, Westfield was the westernmost settlement in the [[Massachusetts Colony]], and portions of it fell within the [[Equivalent Lands]]. Town meetings were held in a church meeting house until 1839, when Town Hall was erected on Broad Street. This building also served as City Hall from 1920 to 1958. Due to its [[Alluvium|alluvial]] lands, the inhabitants of the Westfield area were entirely devoted to agricultural pursuits for about 150 years.

Early in the 19th century, the manufacture of bricks, whips, and cigars became economically important. At one point in the 19th century, Westfield was a prominent center of the [[buggy whip]] industry, and the city is still known as the "Whip City". Other firms produced bicycles, paper products, [[Johnson Organs|pipe organs]], boilers and radiators, textile machinery, abrasives, wood products, and precision tools. Westfield transformed itself from an agricultural town into a thriving industrial city in the 19th century, but in the second half of the 20th century its manufacturing base was eroded by wage competition in the [[Southeastern United States|U.S. Southeast]], then overseas.

Meanwhile, with cheap land and convenient access to east–west and north–south interstate highways, the north side developed into a warehousing center to C & S Wholesale, Home Depot, Lowes and other corporations. South of the river, the intersecting trends of growth of [[Westfield State University]] and declining manufacturing changed the city's character.  Students comprise some 15% of Westfield's population, and the old downtown business district caters increasingly to them while mainstream shopping relocates to a commercial strip called East Main Street, part of [[U.S. Route 20]].

Only four buildings exceed four stories in height. Until a major fire on January 6, 1952, the Westfield Professional Building covered half a downtown city block and was six stories tall. The entire building was consumed with extensive damage to neighboring buildings because the fire department's ladder and snorkel vehicles weren't tall enough and the building did not have a sprinkler system. Subsequent zoning prohibited virtually all new construction over three stories, even after improvements in fire suppression technologies and vehicles became available. No building is allowed to be taller than the town's firetruck ladders.

In the early 20th century, Westfield was at the center of the Pure Food movement, an effort to require stricter standards on the production of food. [[Louis B. Allyn]], a Westfield resident and pure foods expert for ''[[McClure's]] Magazine'', lived in Westfield until his murder. In 1906, [[United States Congress|Congress]] passed the [[Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906]]. In June 2017, the administration of [[Governor of Massachusetts|Massachusetts Governor]] [[Charlie Baker]] announced a $300,000 grant to the city for an industrial park expansion.<ref>{{cite news|last=Ropek|first=Lucas|title=Baker-Polito administration awards $300,000 for industrial park expansion in Westfield|website=[[The Republican (Springfield, Massachusetts)|MassLive.com]]|publisher=[[Advance Publications]]|url=https://www.masslive.com/news/index.ssf/2017/06/baker-polito_administration_aw.html|date=June 23, 2017|access-date=July 11, 2018}}</ref>

In 1939, Westfield became the first city in Massachusetts, as well as all of New England, to elect a female Mayor when [[Alice Burke (politician)|Alice Burke]] defeated incumbent Raymond H. Cowing.<ref>{{cite news|title=First Woman Mayor In Bay State Elected By Westfield Voters|newspaper=The Boston Daily Globe|date=November 8, 1939}}</ref>