Editing Wax museum (section)

==History before 1800==
[[File:Elizabeth of york - funeral effigy.jpg|thumb|left|The funeral effigy (without clothes) of [[Elizabeth of York]], mother of [[King Henry VIII]], 1503, [[Westminster Abbey]]]]
The making of life-size wax figures wearing real clothes grew out of the funeral practices of European royalty. In the [[Middle Ages]] it was the habit to carry the corpse, fully dressed, on top of the coffin at royal funerals, but this sometimes had unfortunate consequences in hot weather, and the custom of making an [[effigy]] in wax for this role grew, again wearing actual clothes so that only the head and hands needed wax models. After the funeral these were often displayed by the tomb or elsewhere in the church, and became a popular attraction for visitors, which it was often necessary to pay to view.<ref name="westminster-abbey.org">{{cite web|url=http://www.westminster-abbey.org/our-history/royals/funerals|title=Royals}}</ref>

The [[Westminster Abbey Museum]] in London has a collection of British royal funeral effigies made of varying materials going back to that of [[Edward III of England]]'s wooden likeness<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.westminster-abbey.org/abbey-commemorations/royals/edward-iii-and-philippa-of-hainault | title=Edward III and Philippa of Hainault }}</ref> (died 1377), as well as those of figures such as the naval hero [[Horatio Nelson]], and [[Frances Stewart, Duchess of Richmond]], who also had her parrot stuffed and displayed. From the funeral of [[Charles II of England|Charles II]] in 1680 they were no longer placed on the coffin but were still made for later display.<ref name="westminster-abbey.org"/> The effigy of Charles II, open-eyed and standing, was displayed over his tomb until the early 19th century, when all the Westminster effigies were removed from the abbey itself.{{citation needed|date=January 2021}} Nelson's effigy was a pure tourist attraction, commissioned the year after his death in 1805, and his burial not in the Abbey but in [[St Paul's Cathedral]] after a government decision that major public figures should in future be buried there. Concerned for their revenue from visitors, the Abbey decided it needed a rival attraction for admirers of Nelson.<ref>[http://www.westminster-abbey.org/our-history/people/horatio,-viscount-nelson Westminster Abbey, "Horatio, Viscount Nelson"].</ref>

[[File:Cabinet de cire, Musée de la Révolution française.jpg|thumb|Wax museum in 1792 with the three fathers of the French Revolution, [[Benjamin Franklin|Franklin]], [[Voltaire]] and [[Jean-Jacques Rousseau|Rousseau]], installed at [[Elysium]].<br>([[musée de la Révolution française]])]]
In European courts including that of France the making of posed wax figures became popular. [[Antoine Benoist (painter)|Antoine Benoist]] (1632–1717) was a French court painter and sculptor in wax to [[King Louis XIV]]. He exhibited forty-three [[wax]] figures of the French ''Royal Circle'' at his residence in Paris. Thereafter, the king authorized the figurines to be shown throughout France. His work became so highly regarded that [[James II of England]] invited him to visit [[England]] in 1684. There he executed works of the English king and members of his court. A seated figure of [[Peter the Great]] of Russia survives, made by an Italian artist, after the Tsar was impressed by the figures he saw at the [[Chateau of Versailles]]. The Danish court painter [[Johann Salomon Wahl]] executed figures of the Danish king and queen in about 1740.<ref>Taylor, 37</ref>

The 'Moving Wax Works of the Royal Court of England', a museum or exhibition of 140 life-size figures, some apparently with clockwork moving parts, opened by Mrs Mary in [[Fleet Street]] in London was doing excellent business in 1711. [[Philippe Curtius]], waxwork modeller to the French court, opened his ''Cabinet de Cire'' as a tourist attraction in Paris in 1770, which remained open until 1802. In 1783 this added a ''Caverne des Grands Voleurs'' ("Cave of the Great Thieves"), an early "Chamber of Horrors". He bequeathed his collection to his protégée [[Marie Tussaud]], who during the [[French Revolution]] made [[death mask]]s of the executed royals.<ref>Taylor, 37-38</ref>