Editing Waterloo tube station (section)

==History==

The first Underground Line at Waterloo was opened on 8 August 1898 by the [[Waterloo & City line|Waterloo & City Railway]] (W&CR), a subsidiary of the owners of the main line station, the [[London and South Western Railway]] (L&SWR).<ref name=rose>{{cite book |last=Rose |first=Douglas |title=The London Underground, A Diagrammatic History |year=1999 |publisher=Douglas Rose/Capital Transport |isbn=1-85414-219-4 }}</ref> The W&CR, nicknamed "The Drain",<ref name=SubRail>{{cite book |last=Wolmar |first=Christian |author-link = Christian Wolmar |title = The Subterranean Railway: How the London Underground Was Built and How It Changed the City Forever |publisher = Atlantic Books |year=2004 |chapter=Deep Under London |page=146 |isbn=1-84354-023-1}}</ref> achieved in a limited way the L&SWR's original plan of taking its tracks the short distance north-east into the [[City of London]].

On 10 March 1906, the [[Baker Street and Waterloo Railway|Baker Street & Waterloo Railway]] (now the Bakerloo line) was opened.<ref name=rose/> On 13 September 1926, the extension of the [[Charing Cross, Euston and Hampstead Railway|Hampstead & Highgate line]] (as the Charing Cross branch of the Northern line was then known) was opened from [[Embankment tube station|Embankment]] to the existing [[City and South London Railway]] station at [[Kennington tube station|Kennington]] with a new station at Waterloo.<ref name=rose/>

As a subsidiary of the L&SWR and its successor, the [[Southern Railway (UK)|Southern Railway]], the W&CR was not a part of the London Underground system. Following nationalisation of the main line railway companies in 1948, it became part of [[British Rail]]ways (later British Rail).

In 1951, the [[Leslie Green]] designed York Road entrance of the Underground station was demolished<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ltmuseum.co.uk/collections/collections-online/photographs/item/2000-20883?&apiurl=aHR0cHM6Ly9hcGkubHRtdXNldW0uY28udWsvYWxsP3Nob3J0PTEmc2tpcD0wJmxpbWl0PTQ4JnE9d2F0ZXJsb28reW9yaytyb2Fk&searchpage=Y29sbGVjdGlvbnMvY29sbGVjdGlvbnMtb25saW5lL3RoZS1jb2xsZWN0aW9uL3BhZ2UvMT8mcT13YXRlcmxvbyt5b3JrK3JvYWQ=|title=B/W print; Waterloo Underground station exterior, Bakerloo line, Jul 1907 - Dec 1907|website=London Transport Museum|access-date=2020-02-26}}</ref> and replaced by a new temporary entrance on the other side of the road, part of the [[Festival of Britain]] site.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ianvisits.co.uk/articles/waterloo-tube-station-reopens-its-southbank-entrance-31213/|title=Waterloo tube station reopens its Southbank entrance|website=www.ianvisits.co.uk|date=26 May 2019 |language=en-GB|access-date=2022-11-27}}</ref> As part of this work, the escalators were built this new entrance, replacing lifts.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2005/1866/schedules/made/data.htm|title=The Transport for London (Waterloo Station) Order 2005|website=www.legislation.gov.uk|language=en|access-date=2020-02-26}}</ref> This entrance also served the [[Waterloo Air Terminal]].<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |date=May 1961 |title=New Ticket Hall |journal=London Transport Magazine |volume=15 |issue=2 |page=15 |quote=New escalators and a ticket hall were opened at this site, on the north side of York Road, in 1951. They served the Festival of Britain and were an addition to the existing Underground station at Waterloo. Six years later these additional escalators were "mothballed "—closed and boxed in [...] London Transport architects have now completed plans for a new station entrance and ticket hall which will form part of the ground floor of the Shell building. Work on the project is due to start in September and should be completed by, the following summer.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-01-18 |title=The Waterloo Air Terminal |url=https://alondoninheritance.com/london-transport/the-waterloo-air-terminal/ |access-date=2020-02-26 |website=A London Inheritance |language=en-US}}</ref> In the early 1960s, a permanent entrance building was built, integrated into the [[Shell Centre]] complex.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last=Mitchell, R.|title=Jubilee line extension; From concept to completion|date=2009|publisher=Thomas Telford Ltd|isbn=978-0-7277-3813-4|oclc=608572718}}</ref>

In March 1965, a [[British Railways Board|British Rail]] and [[London Transport Board|London Transport]] joint planning committee published "A Railway Plan for London" that included a recommendation to revive a plan from the 1900s for an extension of the [[Piccadilly line]]'s [[Aldwych tube station|Aldwych branch]] to Waterloo.<ref name="Horne">{{cite book | last=Horne | first=Mike | title=The Jubilee Line | year=2000 | publisher=Capital Transport | isbn=1-85414-220-8 |pages=31–33}}</ref><ref name="railarch">{{cite book | url=http://www.railwaysarchive.co.uk/documents/BRLT_RailwayPlanForLondon1965.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120131073554/http://www.railwaysarchive.co.uk/documents/BRLT_RailwayPlanForLondon1965.pdf |archive-date=2012-01-31 |url-status=live | title=A Railway Plan for London | date=March 1965 | author=[[British Railways Board]]/[[London Transport Board]] | page=23 }}</ref> London Transport had already sought parliamentary approval to construct tunnels from Aldwych to Waterloo in November 1964,<ref name="notices">{{cite journal|date=3 December 1964 |title=Parliamentary Notices |journal=[[The Times]] |issue=56185 |page=2 |url=http://infotrac.galegroup.com/itw/infomark/322/785/116929157w16/purl=rc1_TTDA_0_CS33777539&dyn=17!xrn_1_0_CS33777539&hst_1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120927174941/http://infotrac.galegroup.com/itw/infomark/322/785/116929157w16/purl%3Drc1_TTDA_0_CS33777539%26dyn%3D17%21xrn_1_0_CS33777539%26hst_1 |archive-date=27 September 2012 |url-status=live |url-access=subscription }}</ref> and in August 1965, parliamentary powers were granted. Detailed planning took place, although public spending cuts led to postponement of the scheme in 1967 before tenders were invited.<ref name="Connor">{{cite book | last=Connor | first=J.E. | title=London's Disused Underground Stations | year=2001 | orig-year=1999 | publisher=Capital Transport | isbn=1-85414-250-X | page=99}}</ref>

=== 1990s refurbishment ===
The Underground station was comprehensively refurbished in the early 1990s as part of the construction of [[Waterloo International railway station|Waterloo International station]] for international [[Eurostar]] services, with the Main Ticket hall underneath the railway concourse expanded and connected to the new International station.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.diomedia.com/stock-photo-waterloo-underground-station-showing-maud-daley-longest-serving-member-of-staff-unveiling-a-plaque-to-open-the-ticket-hall-in-the-newly-refurbished-waterloo-underground-station-compulsory-cre-image17582704.html|title=STOCK IMAGE - WATERLOO UNDERGROUND STATION Showing MAUD DALEY, longest serving member of staff, unveiling a plaque to open the ticket hall in the newly refurbished Waterloo Underground Station. COMPULSORY CRE... by www.DIOMEDIA.com|website=Diomedia|access-date=2020-02-26}}</ref> The platforms were also decorated with artwork by Christopher Tipping on the theme of the nearby [[Royal National Theatre|National Theatre]], although these murals have since been removed.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ltmuseum.co.uk/collections/collections-online/posters/item/1995-366?&apiurl=aHR0cHM6Ly9hcGkubHRtdXNldW0uY28udWsvYWxsP3Nob3J0PTEmc2tpcD00OCZsaW1pdD00OCZxPXdhdGVybG9vK3N0YXRpb24mc29ydD1kYXRlJm9yZGVyPWRlc2MmZmllbGQ9U1RBUlREQVRF&searchpage=Y29sbGVjdGlvbnMvY29sbGVjdGlvbnMtb25saW5lL3RoZS1jb2xsZWN0aW9uL3BhZ2UvMj8mcT13YXRlcmxvbytzdGF0aW9uJnNvcnQ9ZGF0ZSZvcmRlcj1kZXNjJmZpZWxkPVNUQVJUREFURQ==|title=Poster; A change of scene under the National Theatre, unknown, 1988|website=London Transport Museum|access-date=2020-02-26}}</ref>

The [[Waterloo & City line]] was closed for 2 months in 1993 to be upgraded with [[British Rail Class 482|new trains]] and the [[Fourth rail|four rail]] electrical system of the London Underground.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.davros.org/rail/culg/waterloo.html|title=CULG - Waterloo & City Line|website=www.davros.org|access-date=2020-02-26}}</ref> The ownership of the line was transferred from [[Network SouthEast]] to the Underground on 1 April 1994 as part of the [[privatisation of British Rail]].<ref name="CULG_02">{{cite web |url=http://www.davros.org/rail/culg/waterloo.html#dates |title=Waterloo & City line, Dates |work=Clive's Underground Line Guides |access-date=20 July 2008}}</ref> Due to an Easter shut-down, the first Underground service on the line was on 5 April 1994.<ref name="rose" />

=== Jubilee Line extension ===
The [[Jubilee Line Extension]] was constructed in the 1990s to extend the [[Jubilee line]] from [[Green Park tube station|Green Park]] to [[Stratford station|Stratford]], via the then new [[Canary Wharf]] development. Opening in September 1999, the new Jubilee line station was designed by in-house JLE Project Architects, overseen by [[Roland Paoletti]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|last=Powell, Ken, 1947-|title=The Jubilee Line extension|date=2000|publisher=Laurence King|isbn=1-85669-184-5|location=London|oclc=42444848}}</ref>

The design of the station was complex, due to the distance between the existing [[Bakerloo line|Bakerloo]] and [[Northern line|Northern]] lines and the extension - as well as the railway station located above.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> To connect the station together, a {{convert|115|m|ft|adj=on|abbr=}} [[moving walkway]] link was installed, one of only two on the Underground; the other gives access to the Waterloo & City line platform at [[Bank and Monument stations|Bank station]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.davros.org/rail/culg/vertical.html|title=CULG - Vertical transport|website=www.davros.org|access-date=2020-02-26}}</ref> The colonnade on [[Waterloo Road, London|Waterloo Road]] underneath the taxi cab road of the station - originally used for goods deliveries and a bus stand - was also repurposed as the new Jubilee line ticket hall.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />

The station was temporarily the western terminus of the extension running from [[Stratford station|Stratford]] in east London, before the final section to link the extension to the original line was opened between Waterloo and [[Green Park tube station|Green Park]] on 20 November 1999.<ref name="rose" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=15 November 1999 |title=The Final Section of the Extended Jubilee Line between Green Park and Waterloo Opens |url=http://www.londontransport.co.uk/underground/jle43a.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000303023502/http://www.londontransport.co.uk/underground/jle43a.htm |archive-date=3 March 2000 |access-date=18 March 2022 |website=London Transport}}</ref>

There is a westwards-facing crossover to the west of the Jubilee line platforms to enable trains from [[Stanmore tube station|Stanmore]] to terminate and turn around head back west.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Detailled London transport map (track, depot, ...) |url=https://cartometro.com/cartes/metro-tram-london/ |access-date=2023-05-14 |website=cartometro.com}}</ref>
[[File:6.Haste Waterloo Elephant.jpg|thumb|Elephant by [[Kendra Haste]], located in the Jubilee Line Ticket Hall]]
A sculpture of an [[Elephant]] by artist [[Kendra Haste]] is located between the escalators in the Colonnade Ticket Hall. The sculpture was purchased by [[London Underground]], having been originally commissioned in 2000 as part of its [[Art on the Underground|Platform for Art]] programme and set up at [[Gloucester Road tube station]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.kendrahaste.co.uk/sculptures/detail/id/35|title=ELEPHANT|website=www.kendrahaste.co.uk|access-date=2020-02-26}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://londonist.com/2015/02/why-is-there-an-elephant-in-waterloo-station|title=Why Is There An Elephant In Waterloo Station?|date=2015-02-04|website=Londonist|language=en|access-date=2020-02-27}}</ref>

=== Southbank Place ===
As part of the redevelopment of the [[Shell Centre]] into "Southbank Place" by [[Canary Wharf Group]] and [[Qatari Diar]], the existing York Road entrance was closed in 2015 to be completely rebuilt.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.london-se1.co.uk/news/view/8510|title=Waterloo Tube Station's York Road entrance to shut for 3 years|date=20 October 2015|website=London SE1|language=en|access-date=2020-02-26}}</ref> The new, larger York Road entrance, which also included an additional escalator - reopened in May 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tfl.gov.uk/info-for/media/press-releases/2019/may/south-bank-entrance-reopens-at-waterloo-underground-station|title=South Bank entrance reopens at Waterloo Underground station|date=21 May 2019|website=Transport for London|language=en|access-date=2020-02-26}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.london-se1.co.uk/news/view/9924|title=York Road entrance to Waterloo Tube reopens after 3.5 years|date=29 May 2019|website=London SE1|language=en|access-date=2020-02-26}}</ref>