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==History== ===Early history=== {{See also|History of Kansas}} For [[millennia]], the [[Great Plains]] of [[North America]] was inhabited by [[nomadic]] [[Native Americans in the United States|Native Americans]]. Numerous tribes lived on the Great Plains including the: [[Arapaho]], [[Cheyenne]], [[Comanche]], [[Sioux]], [[Ute people|Ute]], [[Otoe]], [[Kaw people|Kansa]], [[Kiowa]], [[Osage Nation|Osage]], [[Omaha people|Omaha]], [[Ponca]], [[Pawnee people|Pawnee]], and [[Wichita people|Wichita]]. These tribes were sustained by a seemingly inexhaustible supply of buffalo that then numbered in the tens of millions. From the 16th century to 18th century, the [[Kingdom of France]] claimed ownership of large parts of [[North America]]. In 1762, after the [[French and Indian War]], France secretly ceded [[New France]] to [[Spain]], per the [[Treaty of Fontainebleau (1762)|Treaty of Fontainebleau]]. ===19th century=== In 1802, Spain returned most of the land to France, but keeping title to about 7,500 square miles. In 1803, most of the land for [[History of Kansas|modern day Kansas]] was acquired by the United States from France as part of the 828,000 square mile [[Louisiana Purchase]] for 2.83 [[Penny (United States coin)|cents]] per [[acre]]. In 1854, the [[Kansas Territory]] was organized, then in 1861 [[Kansas]] became the 34th [[U.S. state]]. In 1857, '''Washington County''' was established. The [[Oregon Trail|Oregon-California Trail]], the Overland Stage Line, and the [[Pony Express]] all ran through Washington County. The Hollenberg Way Station opened in 1857 and operated until 1872 in the northeastern corner of the county.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://abandonedkansas.wordpress.com/2021/12/19/hollenberg-pony-express-station/|title=Hollenberg Way Station|date=December 19, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.kshs.org/kansapedia/pony-express/15497|title = Pony Express - Kansapedia - Kansas Historical Society}}</ref> ===21st century=== In 2010, the [[Keystone Pipeline|Keystone-Cushing Pipeline]] (Phase II) was constructed north to south through Washington County, with much concern over tax exemption and environmental issues when a leak occurs.<ref>[http://www.gpace.org/news/marion-county-commission-calls-out-legislative-leadership-on-pipeline-deal/ Keystone Pipeline - ''Marion County Commission calls out Legislative Leadership on Pipeline Deal''; April 18, 2010.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111022015437/http://www.gpace.org/news/marion-county-commission-calls-out-legislative-leadership-on-pipeline-deal/ |date=October 22, 2011 }}</ref><ref>[http://www2.ljworld.com/news/2010/dec/10/transcanada-inspecting-keystone-pipeline/ Keystone Pipeline - ''TransCanada inspecting pipeline''; December 10, 2010.]</ref> The pipeline was shut down on December 7, 2022, after [[2022 Keystone Pipeline oil spill|a leak]] was detected near the community of Washington.<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/keystone-pipeline-shut-after-oil-spill-into-kansas-creek-2022-12-08/ "Keystone pipeline shut after 14,000-barrel oil spill in Kansas"], reuters.com, December 9, 2022</ref> It reopened on December 29, 2022.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.tcenergy.com/incident/milepost-14-incident/ | title=Milepost 14 Incident }}</ref>
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