Editing Warren County, New Jersey (section)

==History==
{{More citations needed section|date=March 2020}}
===Etymology===
The county was named for [[Joseph Warren]], a physician, [[Founding Fathers of the United States|Founding Father of the United States]], and [[major general]] in the [[American Revolutionary War]] who died after volunteering to fight as a [[Private (rank)|private]] at the [[Battle of Bunker Hill]].<ref name=Hutchinson>Hutchinson, Viola L. [http://mapmaker.rutgers.edu/356/nj_place_names_origin.pdf#page=32 ''The Origin of New Jersey Place Names''] {{webarchive|url=http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20150923192015/http://mapmaker.rutgers.edu/356/nj_place_names_origin.pdf |date=September 23, 2015 }}, New Jersey Public Library Commission, May 1945. Accessed October 30, 2017.</ref><ref>[http://warren.nj.us/about.html About Warren County...Past and Present] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131023102346/http://warren.nj.us/About.html |date=October 23, 2013}}, Warren County, New Jersey. Accessed October 7, 2013. "The county was named in honor of Dr. Joseph Warren who, although he had no known association with the area, earned a heroic reputation throughout the original 13 states for his devotion to the revolutionary cause, which led to his death in the battle of Bunker Hill."</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Spigna |first=Christian Di |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8AOOEAAAQBAJ |title=Founding Martyr: The Life and Death of Dr. Joseph Warren, the American Revolution's Lost Hero |date=August 14, 2018 |publisher=Crown |isbn=978-0-553-41932-0 |language=en}}</ref>

===Native Americans===
{{Unreferenced section|date=August 2024}}
About 1000 B.C., clay pottery was beginning to be used in the region, representing the beginning of the [[Woodland period]]. With this advancement in technology, [[Native Americans in the United States|Native Americans]] could store food and cook it better.

Various cultures of indigenous peoples occupied the area at that time. Ancestors of the [[Algonquian languages|Algonquian]]-speaking [[Lenape]] moved into the area, perhaps as early as 1000 A.D. from the [[Mississippi River]] area.

Technological innovations occurred around the year 500 A.D. with the invention of the bow and arrow as projectile points became smaller to fit onto an arrow shaft. This permitted  Native Americans to procure more food since they could be further away from game to kill it. Food such as nuts could be stored in clay pots or the pots were used for cooking

Agriculture started around that time with the cultivation of corn, beans, and squash. Seeds were probably procured from traveling groups or tribes. Settlements of family groups became more stable, as they could store food in pottery, as well as procure more game with the bow and arrow. Agriculture contributed to the rise of population density in areas where crops could be grown. The Lenape would tend their oval gardens during the spring and summer months. They fished with nets or by hand in the shallow rivers. The Lenape trapped game with deadfalls and snares.

===17th century===
{{Further|Quintipartite Deed}}
Problems developed in the early 17th century when the Little Ice Age began in [[North America]]. The late frost in May and June and early frosts in August or September, made the growing of crops difficult. Cold weather also made big and small game more difficult to hurt, as some game animals would hibernate. Also nut crops from oak, hickory, beech, walnut, butternut, and chestnut, failed at times; making the supply of these nuts scarce. Rivers froze early, and water became cold fast; so fishing became impossible. The Native populations had declined after epidemics of infectious diseases, for which they had no acquired [[immunity (medical)|immunity]]. 

Native American populations were separated from Europe for thousands of years and had no immunity to these diseases that the Europeans brought with them.{{Relevance inline|date=December 2020}} Many Native American populations were weakened from starvation due to the Little Ice Age, which was coldest during the 17th century. Their important corn, [[bean]] and [[squash (plant)|squash]] crops failed due to spring frosts and early frosts in autumn. As the Native American population declined, more land was available for European settlement. All these factors made the Native American populations decline dramatically.  
  
Europeans purchased{{Clarify|reason=|date=December 2020}} land known as land patents so Native Americans moved west to [[Ohio]] or [[Canada]]. The [[Dutch people|Dutch]] settled the [[Hudson River Valley]] and claimed all lands west of the [[Hudson River]] in the early 17th century. In the [[Quintipartite Deed]] of 1674 to 1702, the [[Province of New Jersey]] was divided by two lines, the [[Keith Line]] and the [[Coxe-Barclay line]], which created the border of eastern [[Sussex County, New Jersey|Sussex county]] from the headwaters of the [[Pequannock River]]. The western border was the [[Delaware River]].

Later, after the lands were taken over by the [[British colonization of the Americas|British]], colonial-era New Jersey was divided into two parts, [[East Jersey]] and [[West Jersey]]. In the 17th century, the area of present-day Warren County was part of [[Burlington County, New Jersey|Burlington County]], which emerged as one of the [[Thirteen Colonies]] in [[British America]] prior to the mid-18th century [[American Revolution]].

===18th century===
{{Further|Hunt-Swartout raid|New Jersey in the American Revolution}}
The area became [[Hunterdon County, New Jersey|Hunterdon County]] in 1714. In 1739, the area of Warren County was included in [[Morris County, New Jersey|Morris County]]. In 1753, [[Sussex County, New Jersey|Sussex County]], including present-day Warren County, separated from Morris County.<ref name=Story/>

During the [[French and Indian War]] of 1754, fortified homes or small forts were built along the [[Delaware River]] from [[Phillipsburg, New Jersey|Phillipsburg]] to [[Port Jervis, New York]]. The mountains of Warren County were the frontier of the war.{{Citation needed|date=December 2020}}  Hostilities between the British and the French began to spill over from the European continent into the colonies in the [[New World]]. After the [[Battle of Jumonville Glen]] in [[Fayette County, Pennsylvania]] on May 28, 1754, French colonists in North America armed several Native American tribes, who sided with the French.

During the [[French and Indian War]], a part of the [[Seven Years' War]] in [[North America]], [[Sussex County, New Jersey|Sussex County]] often was raided by bands of Native Americans, including [[Lenape]], [[Shawnee]], and [[Iroquois]]. In 1756, a small band of Lenape raided the homes of local militia commanders, killing several members of the Swartout family and kidnapping other settlers during the [[Hunt-Swartout raid]]. In response to these aggressions, [[Jonathan Belcher]], the colonial-era governor of the [[Province of New Jersey]] authorized that eight forts to be constructed along the [[Delaware River]] to defend the [[New Jersey]] frontier from such incursions, and authorized the New Jersey Frontier Guard to man them. Several of these forts were little more than blockhouses, and others were personal homes that were fortified. The forts sprawled from present-day [[Phillipsburg, New Jersey|Phillipsburg]] through [[Belvidere, New Jersey|Belvidere]]. [[Blairstown, New Jersey|Blairstown]], and along the eastern banks of the Delaware River to [[Port Jervis, New York]].

===19th century===
By the early 1800s, settlements in [[Phillipsburg, New Jersey|Phillipsburg]], [[Hackettstown, New Jersey|Hackettstown]], [[Belvidere, New Jersey|Belvidere]], and [[Washington, New Jersey|Washington]] in Warren County emerged as cornerstone communities of [[Sussex County, New Jersey|Sussex County]]. In 1824, Warren County was established and Belvidere was named as its county seat.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Morgan |first=Susan |title=HISTORIC SITES OF WARREN COUNTY |url=http://www.co.warren.nj.us/download/historic.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200113155247/http://www.co.warren.nj.us/download/historic.pdf |archive-date=January 13, 2020 |website=Warren County Cultural and Heritage Commission}}</ref>