Editing Wandering Jew (section)

==Joseph==
An early extant manuscript containing the legend is the ''[[Flores Historiarum]]'' by [[Roger of Wendover]], where it appears in the part for the year 1228, under the title ''Of the Jew Joseph who is still alive awaiting the last coming of Christ''.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eQNIAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA513|language=la|title=De Joseph, qui ultimum Christi adventum adhuc vivus exspectat|page=175|author1=Roger of Wendover|year=1849}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G-4sAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA157|title=Roger of Wendover's Flowers of History|volume=4|publisher=[[H. G. Bohn]]|year=1842}}</ref>{{sfn|Jacobs|1911}} The central figure is named ''Cartaphilus'' before being baptized later by [[Ananias of Damascus|Ananias]] as ''Joseph''.<ref>{{Cite book|author1=Roger of Wendover|title=Roger of Wendover's Flowers of history, Comprising the history of England from the descent of the Saxons to A.D. 1235; formerly ascribed to Matthew Paris.|series=Bohn's antiquarian library |date=1849|publisher=London|hdl=2027/yale.39002013002903}}</ref> The root of the name ''Cartaphilus'' can be divided into {{lang|grc-Latn|kartos}} and {{lang|grc-Latn|philos}}, which can be translated roughly as "dearly" and "loved", connecting the legend of the Wandering Jew to "the [[disciple whom Jesus loved]]".{{sfn|Anderson|1965}}

At least from the 17th century, the name ''Ahasver'' has been given to the Wandering Jew, apparently adapted from [[Ahasuerus]] (Xerxes), the Persian king in the [[Book of Esther]], who was not a Jew, and whose very name among medieval Jews was an {{lang|la|[[exemplum]]}} of a fool.<ref name="daube 1955">{{cite journal |first1=David |last1=Daube |title=Ahasver |journal=The Jewish Quarterly Review |id=New Series |
volume=45 |issue=3 |date=January 1955 |pages=243−244|doi=10.2307/1452757 |jstor=1452757 }}</ref> This name may have been chosen because the Book of Esther describes the Jews as a persecuted people, scattered across every province of Ahasuerus' [[Achaemenid Empire|vast empire]], similar to the later [[Jewish diaspora]] in countries whose state and/or majority religions were forms of Christianity.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sztetl.org.pl/en/person/334,ahasverus-wandering-jew-ahasver-/|title=Ahasver, Ahasverus, Wandering Jew—People—Virtual Shtetl|access-date=16 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160112000405/http://www.sztetl.org.pl/en/person/334,ahasverus-wandering-jew-ahasver-/|archive-date=12 January 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>

[[File:The wandering Jew.jpg|thumb|Adaptation of the motif of the wandering Jew, Basel, 1820–1840, [[Jewish Musem of Switzerland|Jewish Museum of Switzerland]]]]
A variety of names have since been given to the Wandering Jew, including ''Matathias'', ''Buttadeus'' and ''Isaac Laquedem'', which is a name for him in France and the [[Low Countries]] in popular legend as well as in a novel by [[Alexandre Dumas, père|Dumas]]. The name ''Paul Marrane'' (an anglicized version of [[Giovanni Paolo Marana]], the alleged author of ''[[Letters Writ by a Turkish Spy]]'') was incorrectly attributed to the Wandering Jew by a [[Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition|1911 ''Encyclopædia Britannica'']] article, yet the mistake influenced popular culture.<ref>{{cite journal|last1 = Crane|first1 = Jacob|title = The long transatlantic career of the Turkish spy|journal = Atlantic Studies: Global Currents|volume = 10|issue = 2|pages = 228–246|publisher = Routledge|location = Berlin|date = 29 April 2013|doi = 10.1080/14788810.2013.785199|s2cid = 162189668}}</ref> The name given to the Wandering Jew in the spy's Letters is ''Michob Ader''.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Turkish Spy|title-link=Letters Writ by a Turkish Spy|year=1691|volume=2, Book 3, Letter I}}</ref>

The name ''Buttadeus'' (''Botadeo'' in Italian; ''Boutedieu'' in French) most likely has its origin in a combination of the Vulgar Latin version of {{lang|la|batuere}} ("to beat or strike") with the word for God, {{lang|la|deus}}. Sometimes this name is misinterpreted as ''Votadeo'', meaning "devoted to God", drawing similarities to the etymology of the name ''Cartaphilus''.{{sfn|Anderson|1965}}

Where [[German language|German]] or [[Russian language|Russian]] is spoken, the emphasis has been on the perpetual character of his punishment, and thus he is known there as {{lang|la|Ewiger Jude}} and {{lang|ru-Latn|vechny zhid}} ({{lang|ru|вечный жид}}), the "Eternal Jew". In French and other [[Romance languages]], the usage has been to refer to the wanderings, as in {{lang|fr|[[:fr:Juif errant|le Juif errant]]}} (French), {{lang|es|[[:es:Judío errante|judío errante]]}} (Spanish) or {{lang|it|[[:it:l'ebreo errante|l'ebreo errante]]}} (Italian), and this has been followed in English from the Middle Ages as the ''Wandering Jew''.{{sfn|Jacobs|1911}} In [[Finnish language|Finnish]], he is known as {{lang|fi|Jerusalemin suutari}} ("Shoemaker of Jerusalem"), implying he was a [[cobbling|cobbler]] by his trade. In [[Hungarian language|Hungarian]], he is known as the {{lang|hu|bolyongó zsidó}} ("Wandering Jew" but with a connotation of aimlessness).