Editing Wallis and Futuna (section)

==History==
[[File:Wallis island picture by Samuel Wallis, ca 1767.jpg|left|thumb|Drawing of Wallis Island by Captain [[Samuel Wallis]] in 1767]]
[[File:Coastal view of Wallis Island by Cook (1773).jpg|left|thumb|Coastal view of Wallis island by Captain [[James Cook]] in 1773]]
[[File:Talietumu.jpg|left|thumb|Ruins of the [[Talietumu|Talietumu fort]]]]

===Early humans===
The earliest signs of human habitation on these islands are artifacts characteristic of the [[Lapita culture]], dating roughly to between 850 and 800 BCE. The islands served as natural stopover points for boat traffic, mostly between [[Fiji]] and [[Samoa]]. During Tongan invasions in the 15th and 16th centuries, the islands defended themselves with varying levels of resistance, but also accepted varying degrees of assimilation. Futuna retained more of its pre-[[Tongan culture|Tongan cultural features]], while Wallis underwent greater fundamental changes in its society, language, and culture.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Sand |first=Christophe |year=2006 |title=A View from the West: Samoa in the Culture History of 'Uvea (Wallis) and Futuna (Western Polynesia) |journal=The Journal of Sāmoa Studies |volume=2 |pages=5–15}}</ref> The original inhabitants built forts and other identifiable structures on the islands (many of which are in ruins), some of which are still partially intact. Oral history and archaeological evidence suggests that the Tongan invaders re-occupied and modified some of these structures. The oral history also preserves a cultural memory of relationships between Samoa and Futuna that are so longstanding, they are described in the islanders' origin stories.<ref name=":0"/>

===European settlements===
Futuna was first put on European maps by [[Willem Schouten]] and [[Jacob Le Maire]], during their [[circumnavigation]] of the globe, in 1616. They named the islands of Futuna "Hoornse Eylanden", after the Dutch town of [[Hoorn]] where they hailed from. This was later translated into French, as "Isles de Horne". The Wallis Islands are named after the British explorer [[Samuel Wallis]], who sailed past them in 1767, after being the first European to visit [[Tahiti]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.guampedia.com/pop-cultures-wallis-and-futuna/ |title=POP Culture: Wallis and Futuna |website=Guampedia|date=16 December 2015 |access-date=2017-03-03}}</ref><ref>{{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Wallis Archipelago|volume=28|page=285}}</ref> The French were the first Europeans to settle in the territory,<ref>{{Cite web |title= POP Cultures: Wallis and Futuna |url=https://www.guampedia.com/pop-cultures-wallis-and-futuna/|access-date=2021-05-24 |website=www.guampedia.com|date=16 December 2015 }}</ref> with the arrival of French [[missionary|missionaries]] in 1837, who converted the population to Roman Catholicism. [[Peter Chanel|Pierre Chanel]], [[canonization|canonized]] in 1954, is a major [[patron saint]] of the island of Futuna and of the region.

On 5 April 1842, the missionaries asked for the protection of France, after the uprising of part of the local population. On 5 April 1887, the queen of [[Uvea (Wallis and Futuna)|Uvea]] (of the traditional [[chiefdom]] of Wallis) signed a treaty, officially establishing a French [[protectorate]]. The kings of [[Sigave]] and [[Alo (Wallis and Futuna)|Alo]] (on the islands of Futuna and [[Alofi]]) also signed a treaty establishing a French protectorate, on 16 February 1888. From that moment, the islands were officially under the authority of the [[French colonial empire|French colony]] of [[New Caledonia]].

In 1917, the three traditional kingdoms of Uvea, Sigave, and Alo were [[annexation|annexed]] by France, integrated into the colony of Wallis and Futuna, and remained under the authority of the colony of New Caledonia.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/NA19171004.2.5 |title=WALLIS ISLAND. |work=Northern Advocate |page=1 |date=4 October 2017 |access-date=18 June 2022 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref>

===World War II===
{{Main|Wallis and Futuna during the Second World War}}
{{Campaignbox Vichy France Military in World War II}}

During [[World War II]], the islands' administration was briefly pro-[[Vichy France|Vichy]], until a ''Free French'' [[corvette]] from New Caledonia deposed the regime, on 26 May 1942. Units of the [[US Marine Corps]] later landed on Wallis, on 29 May 1942.<ref>{{cite book |last=Rottman |first=Gordon L. |year=2002 |title=U.S. Marine Corps World War II Order of Battle: Ground and Air Units in the Pacific War, 1939-1945 |page=213 |publisher=[[Bloomsbury Publishing|Bloomsbury Academic]] |location=London |isbn=9780313319068}}</ref>

===Overseas territory===
In 1959, the inhabitants of the islands [[1959 Wallis and Futuna status referendum|voted]] to become a separate [[Overseas departments and territories of France|French overseas territory]], effective since 29 July 1961,<ref name="Wallis-et-Futuna"/> thus ending their subordination to New Caledonia.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0107555.html |title=Wallis and Futuna Islands |website=InfoPlease|access-date=14 April 2018}}</ref>

In 2005, the 50th [[Lavelua|king of Uvea]], [[Tomasi Kulimoetoke II]], faced being deposed after giving sanctuary to his grandson who was convicted of manslaughter. The king claimed his grandson should be judged by tribal law rather than by the French penal system. As a result, there were riots in the streets involving the king's supporters, who were victorious over attempts to replace the king. Two years later, Tomasi Kulimoetoke died on 7 May 2007. There was a six-month period of mourning, during which mentioning a successor was forbidden.<ref name="BBC News">{{cite news |author=BBC News | author-link=BBC News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/magazine/6711691.stm |title=Been and gone – fit for a King | access-date=3 June 2007 |date=1 June 2007}}</ref> On 25 July 2008, [[Kapeliele Faupala]] was installed as king despite protests from some of the royal clans. He was deposed in 2014. A new king, [[Patalione Kanimoa]], was eventually installed in Uvea in 2016; Lino Leleivai in Alo on Futuna succeeded after Filipo Katoa abdicated, and Eufenio Takala succeeded Polikalepo Kolivai in Sigave. The French president at the time, [[François Hollande]], attended the installation ceremony.