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== Frequency band == In [[telephony]], the usable [[human voice|voice]] frequency band ranges from approximately 300 to 3400 [[Hertz|Hz]].<ref name="bldrdoc">{{Cite web|url=https://www.its.bldrdoc.gov/fs-1037/dir-039/_5829.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020083412/https://www.its.bldrdoc.gov/fs-1037/dir-039/_5829.htm|archive-date=2020-10-20|title=Definition: Voice frequency}}</ref> It is for this reason that the [[ultra low frequency]] band of the [[electromagnetic spectrum]] between 300 and 3000 Hz is also referred to as ''voice frequency'', being the electromagnetic energy that represents acoustic energy at [[baseband]]. The [[Bandwidth (signal processing)|bandwidth]] allocated for a single [[Voice channel|voice-frequency transmission channel]] is usually 4 kHz, including [[guard band]]s,<ref name="bldrdoc"/> allowing a [[sampling rate]] of 8 kHz to be used as the basis of the [[pulse-code modulation]] system used for the digital [[PSTN]]. Per the [[Nyquist–Shannon sampling theorem]], the sampling frequency (8 kHz) must be at least twice the highest component of the voice frequency via appropriate filtering prior to sampling at discrete times (4 kHz) for effective reconstruction of the voice signal.
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