Editing Vineland, New Jersey (section)

==History==
[[Charles K. Landis]] purchased {{convert|30000|acre|mi2|0}} of land in 1861 and another {{convert|23000|acre|mi2|0}} in 1874, near [[Millville, New Jersey|Millville]], and along the [[West Jersey and Seashore Railroad|West Jersey]] railroad line with service between [[Camden, New Jersey|Camden]] and [[Cape May, New Jersey|Cape May]], to create his own alcohol-free utopian society based on agriculture and progressive thinking. The first houses were built in 1862, and train service was established to Philadelphia and [[New York City]], with the population reaching 5,500 by 1865 and 11,000 by 1875.<ref name=Bio>[http://www.co.cumberland.nj.us/Charles-K-Landis Our People of the Century: Charles K. Landis - Founder of a City, Creator of a Dream], [[Cumberland County, New Jersey]]. Accessed November 2, 2019.</ref><ref name=Commies>[http://www.sacred-texts.com/utopia/csus/csus29.htm ''The Communistic Societies of the United States''], Charles Nordhoff, 1875. Accessed September 30, 2014.</ref>

Vineland was an early [[List of temperance towns|temperance town]], where the sale of alcohol was prohibited. Landis required that buyers of land in Vineland build a house on the purchased property within a year of acquisition, that {{convert|2+1/2|acre|m2}} of the often heavily wooded land be cleared and farmed each year, and that adequate space be placed between houses and roads to allow for planting of flowers and shade trees along the routes through town. Landis Avenue was constructed as a {{convert|100|ft|m|-1|adj=on}} wide and about {{convert|1|mi|km|0|adj=on}} long road running east–west through the center of the community, with other, narrower roads connecting at right angles to each other.<ref name=Founding>[http://www.westjersey.org/vland.htm The Founding of Vineland and Its Growth as an Agricultural Center], West Jersey and South Jersey Heritage. Accessed August 28, 2007.</ref>

After determining that the Vineland soil was well-suited for growing grapes (hence the name), Landis started advertising to attract [[Italian people|Italian]] grape growers to Vineland, offering {{convert|20|acre|m2}} of land that had to be cleared and used to grow grapes. [[Thomas Bramwell Welch]] founded [[Welch's|Welch's Grape Juice]], and purchased the locally grown grapes to make "unfermented wine" (i.e. grape juice).<ref name=Founding/> The sandy ground also attracted the glass-making industry and was home to the [[Progresso]] soup company. Throughout the first half of the 20th century, most of the city was involved in the [[poultry]] industry, which led to the city being dubbed "The Egg Basket of America."<ref>Spahr, Rob. [http://www.pressofatlanticcity.com/news/press/cumberland/vineland-celebrates-its-th-anniversary-with-parade-fireworks-and-cake/article_1e19d79e-c16d-11e0-9dd2-001cc4c03286.html "Vineland celebrates its 150th anniversary with parade, fireworks and cake"], ''[[The Press of Atlantic City]]'', August 8, 2011. Accessed July 26, 2012. "On Sunday, the city wrapped up a weekend-long celebration of the 150th anniversary of Landis' land acquisition, with carnival rides, a parade, fireworks, commemorative shot glasses, and, of course, birthday cake."</ref>

Vineland Poultry Laboratories was started by Arthur Goldhaft. Goldhaft is credited with putting "a chicken in every pot" after developing the [[fowl pox]] [[chicken]] [[vaccine]] that saved millions of chickens from death. Goldhaft's work at Vineland Poultry Laboratories in Vineland helped protect the world's chicken supply from the fowl pox disease. Operations at the facility were closed by Lohmann Animal Health in 2007.<ref>[http://www.co.cumberland.nj.us/Arthur-goldhaft Our People of the Century - Arthur Goldhaft: Pioneering Vet Put "a chicken in every pot"], [[Cumberland County, New Jersey]]. Accessed November 2, 2019.</ref>
[[File:The city of Vineland, New Jersey (2674234933).jpg|thumb|upright=1.5|Bird's-eye view in 1885]]
Vineland had New Jersey's first school for the [[intellectual disability|intellectually disabled]], the Vineland Developmental Center, which now has an east and west campus. These institutions housed mentally handicapped women in fully staffed cottages. [[Henry H. Goddard]], an American psychologist, coined the term "[[Moron (psychology)|Moron]]" while directing the Research Laboratory at the [[Vineland Training School|Training School for Backward and Feeble-minded Children]] in Vineland. This facility was so sufficiently well known that one [[American Prison Association]] pamphlet in 1955 heralded Vineland as "famous for its contributions to our knowledge of the feebleminded".<ref>Jacobs, Frank. [http://bigthink.com/strange-maps/293-come-visit-new-jersey-youll-never-leave "293 - Come Visit New Jersey... You'll Never Leave"], Bigthink.com. Accessed June 26, 2017. "Here Vineland – famous for its contributions to our knowledge of the feebleminded. Another arrow elucidates: Here the Vineland Training School and Vineland State School."</ref>

Vineland celebrated its 150th birthday in 2011. Mayor Robert Romano initially ordered a custom cake from [[Buddy Valastro]] of [[Carlo's Bake Shop]] in [[Hoboken, New Jersey|Hoboken]]; the business is featured in the [[TLC (TV channel)|TLC]] [[reality television]] series ''[[Cake Boss]]''. After outcry from local business owners, the order was canceled and five Vineland bakeries donated elaborate cakes for the event as well as over 1,000 servings of cake for the celebration.<ref>Dineen, Caitlin. [http://www.pressofatlanticcity.com/news/breaking/vineland-s-bakeries-enjoyed-participating-in-th-birthday-celebration-following/article_9d222e98-c2cf-11e0-ac78-001cc4c002e0.html "Vineland's bakeries enjoyed participating in 150th birthday celebration following "Cake Boss" controversy"], ''[[The Press of Atlantic City]]'', August 9, 2011. Accessed July 26, 2012. "Vineland Mayor Robert Romano said when he first called "The Cake Boss" — Buddy Valastro of TLC network fame — to make a cake for Vineland's 150th birthday celebration it was nothing personal against local bakers, it was simply a chance for free publicity."</ref>

Since the 1970s, the city has had an annual [[dandelion]] festival. Brought to the area by early Italian immigrants, the plant is grown as a crop by farms in Vineland.<ref>Roncace, Kelly. [https://www.nj.com/indulge/2013/04/vineland_to_host_40th_annual_d.html "Dandelions for dinner? Vineland to host 40th annual event"], NJ Advance Media for [[NJ.com]], April 3, 2013, updated March 30, 2019. Accessed February 5, 2020. "For the past 40 years, Vineland has celebrated the dandelion — yes, that little yellow flower most people yank out of the flower bed and toss aside — with a festive dinner party.... 'Vineland is famous for dandelions because it was a huge crop here, planted by Italian immigrants who established homes here,' Hunter said. 'We still have several local farms here who grow dandelions.'"</ref>

[[Barbara Kingsolver]]'s 2018 novel ''[[Unsheltered (novel)|Unsheltered]]'' is set in Vineland.<ref>Emre, Merve. [https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2018/11/barbara-kingsolvers-liberal-pabulum/570817/ "Barbara Kingsolver’s Superficial View of the American Family in the Trump Era The first U.S. novel to treat the 2016 election at length aims for timeliness rather than genuine insight into a dramatic political moment."], ''[[The Atlantic]]'', November 2018. Accessed November 11, 2020. "The novel, Kingsolver’s eighth, chronicles Willa’s attempt to save her dead aunt’s house, a crumbling Victorian mansion in Vineland, New Jersey. An (actual) old Temperance town whose soil once made it attractive to glassmakers and chicken farmers and the founders of Welch’s Grape Juice, Vineland lost its raison d’être after a line of pesticide manufacturers poisoned the land and fled, along with many of the town’s jobs and a noticeable portion of its white people."</ref>