Editing Villard de Honnecourt (section)

== Life ==
Nothing is known of Villard apart from what can be gleaned from his surviving "sketchbook."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Villard De Honnecourt {{!}} Gothic architecture, drawings, Paris {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Villard-de-Honnecourt |access-date=2024-09-08 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> Based on the large number of architectural designs in the portfolio, it was traditionally thought that Villard was a successful, professional, itinerant architect and engineer.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gimpel |first=Jean |url=https://archive.org/details/medievalmachinei00gimp/page/114/mode/2up |title=The Medieval Machine: The Industrial Revolution of the Middle Ages |publisher=Holt, Rinehart and Winston |year=1976 |isbn=0030146364 |location=NY |pages=114–146 |url-access=registration}}</ref> This view is sometimes contested today, as there is no evidence of him ever working as an architect and the drawings contain some inaccuracies. However, Honnecourt compiled a manual that gave precise instructions for executing specific objects with explanatory drawings. In his writings he fused principles passed on from ancient geometry, medieval studio techniques, and contemporary practices. The author includes sections on technical procedures, mechanical devices, suggestions for making human and animal figures, and notes on the buildings and monuments he had seen. And his writings offer insights into the variety of interests and work of the 13th-century master mason in addition to providing an explanation for the spread of Gothic architecture in Europe.<ref>{{cite book |last=Gimpel |first=Jean |date=1984|title=The Cathedral Builders |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yqVNAAAAYAAJ |location=New York |publisher=HarperPerennial |pages=93–94 |isbn=0-06-09-1158-1 }}</ref> He traveled to some of the major ecclesiastical building sites of his day to record details of these buildings. His drawing of one of the west facade towers of [[Laon Cathedral]] and those of radiating chapels and a main vessel bay, interior and exterior, of [[Rheims Cathedral]] are of particular interest.

Villard tells us, with pride, that he had been in many lands (''Jai este en m[u]lt de tieres'') and that he made a trip to Hungary where he remained many days (''maint ior''), but he does not say why he went there or who sent him. It has recently been proposed that he may have been a lay agent or representative of the cathedral chapter of [[Cambrai Cathedral]] to obtain a relic of [[St. Elizabeth of Hungary]] who had made a donation to the cathedral chapter and to whom the chapter dedicated one of the radiating chapels in their new [[Apse#Chevet|chevet]].<ref>BARNES, CARL F. JR. “An Essay on Villard de Honnecourt, Cambrai Cathedral, and Saint Elizabeth of Hungary,” ''New Approaches to Medieval Architecture,'' Farnham: Ashgate Publishing Limited, 2011, pp. 77-91.</ref> He also claimed to have made many of his drawings "from life" (''al vif''), an activity more usually associated with much later artists of the [[Renaissance]].