Editing Viktor Frankl (section)

==Early life==
Frankl was born the middle of three children to Gabriel Frankl, a civil servant in the Ministry of Social Service, and Elsa (née Lion), a [[History of the Jews in Austria|Jewish]] family, in Vienna, in what was then the [[Austria-Hungary|Austro-Hungarian Empire]].<ref name="FranklRecollections" /> His interest in psychology and the role of meaning developed when he began taking night classes on applied psychology while in junior high school.<ref name="FranklRecollections" /> As a teenager, he began a correspondence with [[Sigmund Freud]] when Freud asked for permission to publish one of his papers.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Viktor Frankl {{!}} Biography, Books, Theory, & Facts|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Viktor-Frankl|access-date=6 July 2021|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|archive-date=16 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210616065045/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Viktor-Frankl|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Hatala|first=Andrew|date=2010|title=Frankl and Freud: Friend or Foe? Towards Cultural & Developmental Perspectives of Theoretical Ideologies|url=http://www.psychologyandsociety.org/__assets/__original/2010/08/Hatala.pdf|journal=Psychology and Society|volume=3|pages=1–25|access-date=6 July 2021|archive-date=9 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709183427/http://www.psychologyandsociety.org/__assets/__original/2010/08/Hatala.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> After graduation from high school in 1923, he studied medicine at the [[University of Vienna]].

In 1924, Frankl's first scientific paper was published in the ''[[Internationale Zeitschrift für Psychoanalyse]].''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.questia.com/library/psychology/psychologists/viktor-frankl|title=List of books and articles about Viktor Frankl|website=|access-date=|archive-date=18 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190718021858/https://www.questia.com/library/psychology/psychologists/viktor-frankl|url-status=dead}}</ref> In the same year, he was president of the {{Lang|de|Sozialistische Mittelschüler Österreich}}, the [[Social Democratic Party of Austria|Social Democratic Party of Austria's]] youth movement for high school students. Frankl's father was a socialist who named him after [[Viktor Adler]], the founder of the party.<ref name="FranklRecollections" /><ref name=tp>Pytell, T. (2000). The Missing Pieces of the Puzzle: A Reflection on the Odd Career of Viktor Frankl. Journal of Contemporary History, 35(2), 281–306. doi:10.1177/002200940003500208 </ref> During this time, Frankl began questioning the Freudian approach to [[psychoanalysis]]. He joined [[Alfred Adler]]'s circle of students and published his second academic paper, "Psychotherapy and Worldview" ({{Lang|de|"Psychotherapie und Weltanschauung"}}), in Adler's ''[[The Journal of Individual Psychology#History|International Journal of Individual Psychology]]'' in 1925.<ref name="FranklRecollections" /> Frankl was expelled from Adler's circle<ref name="Klingberg2001" /> when he insisted that meaning was the central motivational force in human beings. From 1926, he began refining his theory, which he termed logotherapy.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.viktorfrankl.org/biography.html|title=Viktor Frankl Biography|website=Viktor Frankl Institute Vienna|access-date=24 April 2020|archive-date=13 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200513201549/https://viktorfrankl.org/biography.html|url-status=live}}</ref>