Editing Vienna, Virginia (section)

==History==
European settlement in the region dates to the mid-18th century. In 1754, prominent soldier and landowner Colonel Charles Broadwater settled within the town boundaries. Broadwater's son-in-law, John Hunter, built the first recorded house there in 1767, naming it Ayr Hill to recall his birthplace, [[Ayr]], Scotland. That name was then applied to the tiny community. The town's name was changed in the 1850s, when a doctor, William Hendrick, settled there and the town renamed itself after his hometown, [[Phelps (village), New York|Phelps, New York]], which was then known as Vienna.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.viennava.gov/index.aspx?nid=335 |title=Town of Vienna, Town History |publisher=Viennava.gov |access-date=April 7, 2013}}</ref>

===American Civil War===
{{Further|Battle of Vienna, Virginia}}
[[File:Vienna, VA 22180, USA - panoramio - Idawriter.jpg|thumb|An [[American Civil War]] memorial in Vienna]]
On June 17, 1861, the [[Battle of Vienna, Virginia|Battle of Vienna]], one of the earliest armed clashes of the [[American Civil War]], was fought in Vienna. A [[Union Army]]  unit under [[Brigadier general (United States)|Brigadier General]] [[Robert C. Schenck]] approached Vienna from the east by train but was ambushed and forced to retreat by a [[Confederate States Army|Confederate]] force led by Colonel [[Maxcy Gregg]]. Several historical markers in Vienna detail its Civil War history.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hmdb.org/marker.asp?MarkerID=1646|title=On June 17, 1861 Historical Marker|access-date=November 29, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hmdb.org/marker.asp?MarkerID=26761|title=Civil War Action at Vienna Historical Marker|access-date=November 29, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hmdb.org/marker.asp?MarkerID=1527|title=Civil War Star Fort Historical Marker|access-date=November 29, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hmdb.org/marker.asp?MarkerID=54500|title=Cavalry Engagement near Hunter's Mill Historical Marker|access-date=November 29, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hmdb.org/marker.asp?MarkerID=24865|title=Terror by the Tracks Historical Marker|access-date=November 29, 2016}}</ref>  In addition, in the town center lies the well preserved Freeman House; which, in 1861, was the polling place for the secession vote and was used during the war by both sides as a hospital. The house has been turned into [[Freeman Store and Museum (Vienna, Virginia)|a museum and gift shop]].

The First Baptist Church of Vienna was founded in 1867, and the original church structure was built using [[Union Army]] barracks lumber obtained through the [[Freedmen's Bureau]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fbcv.org/history.htm |title=First Baptist Church of Vienna Church History |publisher=Fbcv.org |date=April 14, 1996 |access-date=May 14, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120218081639/http://www.fbcv.org/history.htm |archive-date=February 18, 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> This church building was also the town's first black public school. The first white public school was built in 1872. 

===20th century===
A permanent black elementary school was built, and was later named for its long-time principal, [[Louise Archer]]. In fall 1965, [[Fairfax County Public Schools]] were completely desegregated.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fairfaxcounty.gov/library/branches/vr/timeline3.htm |title=Timeline of Fairfax County History |publisher=Fairfaxcounty.gov |access-date=May 14, 2012 |archive-date=August 21, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160821184603/http://www.fairfaxcounty.gov/library/branches/vr/timeline3.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>