Editing Victoria, Virginia (section)

== History ==
[[Lunenburg County, Virginia|Lunenburg County]] in the [[Southside Virginia|Southside]] region was established on May 1, 1746, in [[Great Britain]]'s [[Virginia Colony]] from [[Brunswick County, Virginia|Brunswick County]]. The county is named for the former [[Brunswick-Lüneburg|Duchy of Brunswick-Lunenburg]] in Germany, because one of the titles also carried by Britain's [[House of Hanover|Hanoverian]] kings was Duke of Brunswick-Lunenburg.

After statehood, Virginia grew as part of the original 13 United States. Beginning in 1816, the [[Virginia Board of Public Works]] began providing engineering and financial assistance to [[internal improvements]] around the state in transportation which continued during most of the 19th century. However, Lunenburg County had been largely passed by as [[canal]]s, [[Toll roads in the United States#History, funding through toll|turnpikes]], and [[railroad]]s were built across much of Virginia. At the beginning of the 20th century, the area which was to become Victoria was mostly farmland (primarily cultivating [[tobacco]]) and woodlands.

=== Born as a railroad town ===
{{See also|Henry H. Rogers|William N. Page}}
[[Image:Victoria Air 1954 SMALL.png|left|thumb|400px|This aerial shot of Victoria was taken in 1954 looking west. It shows the turntable and roundhouse in the lower left, and the passenger station and Norfolk division offices to the right of the tracks]]
Victoria was founded in 1906 as a [[planned community]] on what had been largely undeveloped land during the construction of the [[Tidewater Railway]]. This was a new east–west railroad chartered in 1904 with its [[right-of-way (railroad)|right of way]] quietly secured in 1904 and 1905, so as to not alert the competition regarding plans to transport [[bituminous coal|coal]] originated by its sister [[Deepwater Railway]] operating in southern [[West Virginia]]. The Tidewater Railway was chartered to cross Virginia from the West Virginia border near [[Glen Lyn, Virginia]] in [[Giles County, Virginia|Giles County]] by way of [[Roanoke, Virginia|Roanoke]] and [[Suffolk, Virginia|Suffolk]] to port at [[Sewell's Point]] on [[Hampton Roads]] near [[Norfolk, Virginia]]. Both railroads were planned and built by the team of mining manager and civil engineer [[William N. Page|William Nelson Page]] and industrialist and financier [[Henry H. Rogers|Henry Huttleston Rogers]], and added a third Hampton Roads coal exporting railhead to the existing [[Chesapeake and Ohio Railway]] (with coal piers at [[Newport News, Virginia|Newport News]]) and the [[Norfolk and Western Railway]]'s similar facilities at Norfolk's [[Lambert's Point]].

[[Queen Victoria]] of the United Kingdom was a favorite of Henry Rogers, and the new town was named in her honor. Victoria was the midpoint of the VGN's Norfolk Division, which extended from Sewell's Point to Roanoke. Designated to be a "division point" on the railroad (specifically a location for crew changes and servicing of the [[steam locomotive]]s), Victoria became the location of a large equipment maintenance operation with [[Railway roundhouse|roundhouse]], turntable, coaling and water facilities for servicing steam locomotives, and a large yard.

According to author [[H. Reid]] in his 1961 book ''The Virginian Railway'', investors recalled the rapid growth of Roanoke between 1882 and 1884, which had been nicknamed the "Magic City" when the Norfolk and Western  (N&W) had established major facilities at the former bucolic location which had been earlier known as Big Lick. Comparisons were made when speculating about Victoria's future potential. They could also look to nearby [[Crewe, Virginia|Crewe]] on the N&W (about 20 miles away from Victoria) to see what a substantial volume of activity and employment a division point on a steam railroad could bring. Predictably, land sales at Victoria were brisk, and buildings (and jobs) soon followed.

In 1907, as they began nearing completion, the Tidewater and Deepwater Railways were combined to form the [[Virginian Railway]] (VGN). In March, the Tidewater Railway was formally rechartered by the Virginia State Corporation Commission as "The  Virginian Railway Company" and William Nelson Page was elected president on April 15, 1907, at the first new board meeting in Norfolk.  On April 22, the Deepwater Railway was acquired, formalizing the marriage of the two roads. Passenger service from Victoria to Norfolk began on June 17, 1907. The trip from Victoria took 12 hours, and operated once daily in each direction except Sundays, according to the first schedules published in the Norfolk ''[[Virginian-Pilot]]'' newspaper.

That first summer and fall, in conjunction with the [[Norfolk Southern Railway (former)|Norfolk and Southern Railway]] (a regional predecessor of the 21st century [[Norfolk Southern|Norfolk Southern System]]), service was offered to the [[Jamestown Exposition]] being held in [[Norfolk County, Virginia|Norfolk County]] that same summer. At the Exposition, VGN president Page served as Chief of International Jury of Awards, Mines and Metallurgy. United States President [[Theodore Roosevelt]], attending the Jamestown Exposition, was one of the VGN's earliest passengers, according to author Reid.

Adjacent to the Jamestown Exposition site on [[Hampton Roads]] at [[Sewell's Point]], a new [[coal pier]] was being built. Completion of the entire railroad took 2 additional years. The low gradient VGN was considered an engineering marvel of the time when it was completed in 1909. Soon, coal and other commodities began rolling through Victoria. The new Norfolk Division offices of the railroad were on located on a second floor which was added to the original Victoria passenger station a short time later.

The [[Virginia General Assembly]] granted a charter and incorporated the Town of Victoria on March 11, 1916.

[[Bechelbronn]] and [[Victoria High School (Victoria, Virginia)|Victoria High School]] are listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]].<ref name="nris">{{NRISref|version=2010a}}</ref>

=== End of steam, mergers, abandonment ===
Victoria's importance as a rail point declined sharply in the 1950s when the change to [[diesel-electric locomotive]]s greatly reduced the labor and facilities needed. The last Virginian passenger train served Victoria in January 1956. VGN steam operations ended completely in June 1957. Then, on December 1, 1959, the [[Virginian Railway]] merged with the larger [[Norfolk and Western Railway]]. Under combined operations, the through coal traffic was shifted from Victoria to the bigger road's main line through [[Crewe, Virginia]], within commuting distance for N&W's Victoria-based employees. Local customers on the former VGN line through Victoria and nearby [[Kenbridge, Virginia|Kenbridge]] were few, and the portion of the line through Victoria and Kenbridge was eventually abandoned in the 1980s. All tracks and virtually all structures were removed, and a portion of the land donated to the community by N&W.

Much like many other communities all across the United States, the end of steam railroading and the era of mergers and consolidation in the second half of the 20th century reduced rail-oriented employment opportunities and had a generally negative impact upon Victoria and the surrounding area. However, the community and Lunenburg County proved resilient, and by the late 1990s, transportation employment represented only a minimal portion of the area's economy.

One of the biggest industries in Victoria is the prison industry. Located two miles from the center of town, the [[Lunenburg Correctional Center]] provides employment for many people living in and around Victoria.