Editing Vicenza (section)

== History ==
{{Main article|History of Vicenza}}
{{For timeline}}
=== Roman era ===
Vicentia was settled by the Italic [[Euganei]] tribe and then by the Paleo-[[Adriatic Veneti|Veneti]] tribe in the 3rd and 2nd centuries BC.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Places: 393513 (Vicetia) |url=http://pleiades.stoa.org/places/393513 |last1=Pearce|first1=M.|first2=R.|last2=Peretto|first3=P.|last3=Tozzi |last4=DARMC|first5=R.|last5=Talbert|first6=S.|last6=Gillies|first7=J.|last7=Åhlfeldt|first8=J.|last8=Becker|first9=T.|last9=Elliott |date=2018-06-08 |publisher=Pleiades |access-date=April 10, 2013<!-- 12:09 pm -->}}</ref> The [[ancient Rome|Romans]] allied themselves with the Paleo-Veneti in their fight against the Celtic tribes that populated north-western Italy.
<ref>Polybius, 2.23.3; Strabo, ''Geog.'' 5.1.9</ref> The Roman presence in the area grew exponentially{{Citation needed|date=May 2011}} over time and the Paleo-Veneti (whose culture mirrored Etruscan and Greek values more so than Celtic ones) were gradually assimilated. {{Citation needed|date=February 2010}} In 157 BC, the city was a de facto Roman centre and was given the name of '''''Vicetia''''' or '''''Vincentia''''', meaning "victorious".

The citizens of Vicetia received [[Roman citizenship]] and were inscribed into the Roman tribe ''Romilia'' in 49 BC. The city was known for its agriculture, brickworks, marble quarry, and wool industry and had some importance as a way-station on the important road from ''[[Milan|Mediolanum]]'' (Milan) to [[Aquileia]], near ''Tergeste'' (Trieste), but it was overshadowed by its neighbor ''[[Patavium]]'' ([[Padua]]). Little survives of the Roman city, but three of the bridges across the [[Bacchiglione]] and Retrone rivers are of Roman origin, and isolated arches of a [[Roman aqueduct]] exist outside the ''Porta Santa Croce''.

During the decline of the [[Western Roman Empire]], [[Heruls]], [[Vandals]], [[Alaric I|Alaric]] and his [[Visigoths]], as well as the [[Huns]] laid waste to the area, but the city recovered after the [[Ostrogoth]] conquest in 489 AD, before being conquered by the [[Byzantine Empire]] soon after. It was also an important [[Lombards|Lombard]] city and then a [[Frankish Empire|Frankish]] center. Numerous [[Benedictine]] monasteries were built in the Vicenza area, beginning in the 6th century.

=== Middle Ages ===
In 899, Vicenza was destroyed by [[Hungarian people|Magyar]] raiders.

In 1001, [[Otto III]] handed over the government of the city to the [[bishop]], and its communal organization had an opportunity to develop, separating soon from the episcopal authority. It took an active part in the League with Verona and, most of all, in the [[Lombard League]] (1164–1167) against Emperor [[Frederick Barbarossa|Frederick I Barbarossa]] compelling Padua and Treviso to join: its {{lang|it|[[podestà]]}}, [[Ezzelino III da Romano|Ezzelino II il Balbo]], was captain of the league. When peace was restored, however, the old rivalry with Padua, [[Bassano del Grappa|Bassano]], and other cities was renewed, besides which there were the internal factions of the Vivaresi ([[Ghibellines]]) and the Maltraversi ([[Guelphs]]).

The tyrannical [[Ezzelino III]] from Bassano drove the Guelphs out of Vicenza, and caused his brother, [[Alberico da Romano|Alberico]], to be elected podestà in 1230. The independent [[medieval commune|commune]] joined the Second Lombard League against Emperor [[Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick II]] who sacked the city in 1237, after which it was annexed to Ezzelino's dominions. On his death the old oligarchic [[republic]] political structure was restored – a ''consiglio maggiore'' ("grand council") of four hundred members and a ''consiglio minore'' ("small council") of forty members – and it formed a league with Padua, [[Treviso]] and [[Verona]]. Three years later the Vicentines entrusted the protection of the city to [[Padua]], so as to safeguard republican liberty; but this protectorate (''custodia'') quickly became dominion, and for that reason Vicenza in 1311 submitted to the [[Scaligeri]] lords of [[Verona]], who fortified it against the [[Visconti of Milan]].

Vicenza [[War of Padua|came under the rule]] of the [[Republic of Venice]] in 1404, and its subsequent history is that of Venice. It was besieged by the [[Emperor Sigismund]]. In 1496, the ''[[podestà]]'' [[Antonio Bernardo (humanist)|Antonio Bernardo]] expelled the Jews from Vicenza.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Civic Piety and Patriotism: Patrician Humanists and Jews in Venice and Its Empire |first=Stephen |last=Bowd |journal=Renaissance Quarterly |volume=69 |issue=4 |year=2016 |page=1284 |jstor=26560059}}</ref> [[Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor|Maximilian I]] held possession of Vicenza in 1509 and 1516.

=== Early modern era ===
Vicenza was a candidate to host the [[Council of Trent]].

The 16th century was the time of [[Andrea Palladio]],<ref>{{Cite news |last=Butler |first=Sophie |date=14 October 2009 |title=Vicenza: Who needs Venice? |work=Telegraph.co.uk |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/destinations/europe/italy/6324511/Vicenza-Who-needs-Venice.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/destinations/europe/italy/6324511/Vicenza-Who-needs-Venice.html |archive-date=2022-01-12 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |access-date=1 December 2017}}{{cbignore}}</ref> who left many outstanding examples of his art with palaces and villas in the city's territory, which before Palladio's passage, was arguably the most downtrodden and esthetically lacking city in Veneto.

After the [[Fall of the Venetian Republic]] in 1797, under [[Napoleonic Wars|Napoleonic]] rule, it was made a [[duché grand-fief]] (not a grand duchy, but a hereditary (extinguished in 1896), nominal duchy, a rare honor reserved for French officials) within Napoleon's personal [[Kingdom of Italy (Napoleonic)|Kingdom of Italy]] for general [[Armand Augustin Louis de Caulaincourt|Caulaincourt]], also imperial Grand-Écuyer. One of the consequences of the city's occupation was the destruction of a prized silver model of the city, the [[Jewel of Vicenza]].

=== 19th century and later ===
After 1814, Vicenza passed to the [[Austrian Empire]]. In 1848, however, the populace rose against Austria, more violently than in any other Italian centre apart from Milan and Brescia (the city would receive the highest award for military valour for the courage displayed by revolutionaries in this period). As a part of the [[Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia]], it was annexed to [[unification of Italy|Italy]] after the [[Austro-Prussian War|Third War of Italian independence]].

Vicenza's area was a location of major combat in both [[World War I]] (on the Asiago plateau) and [[World War II]] (a focal center of the Italian resistance), and it was the most damaged city in Veneto by [[Bombing of Vicenza in World War II|Allied bombings]], including many of its monuments; the civil victims were over 2,000. The end of World War II was followed by a period of depression, caused by the devastation during the two world wars. In the 1960s, the whole central part of Veneto, witnessed a strong economic development caused by the emergence of small and medium family businesses, ranging in a vast array of products (that often emerged illegally) that paved the way for what would be known as the ''"miracolo del nord-est"'' ("miracle of the northeast").
In the following years, the economic development grew vertiginously. Huge industrial areas sprouted around the city, massive and disorganized urbanization and employment of foreign immigrants increased.

Vicenza is home to the [[United States Army|US Army]] [[Military base|post]] [[Caserma Ederle]] (Camp Ederle), also known as the [[U.S. Army Garrison Vicenza]]. In 1965, [[Caserma Ederle]] became the [[headquarters]] of the Southern European Task Force, which includes the [[173d Airborne Brigade]]. In January 2006, the [[European Gendarmerie Force]] was inaugurated in Vicenza.