Editing Vegetarianism (section)

==Etymology==
The first written use of the term "vegetarian" originated in the early 19th century, when authors referred to a ''vegetable regimen'' diet.<ref>{{cite book|author=Preece|first=Rod|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uMnubkF5HjAC&pg=PA12|title=The origins of the term "vegetarian". In: Sins of the Flesh: A History of Ethical Vegetarian Thought|date=2008|publisher=University of British Columbia Press, Vancouver|isbn=9780774858496|author-link=Rod Preece|access-date=August 30, 2018|archive-date=April 5, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405220043/https://books.google.com/books?id=uMnubkF5HjAC&pg=PA12|url-status=live}}</ref> Historically, 'vegetable' could be used to refer to any type of edible [[vegetation]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Definitions - IVU - International Vegetarian Union |url=https://ivu.org/definitions.html |access-date=2022-07-24 |website=ivu.org |archive-date=October 21, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211021172543/https://ivu.org/definitions.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Modern dictionaries explain its origin as a [[compound (linguistics)|compound]] of ''[[vegetable]]'' ([[adjective]]) and the suffix ''[[wikt:-arian|-arian]]'' (in the sense of ''[[agriculture|agrarian]]'').<ref name="oed">{{cite web |title=Vegetarian |url=https://www.etymonline.com/search?q=vegetarian |publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary, Douglas Harper Inc. |access-date=April 30, 2019 |date=2019 |archive-date=July 6, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200706232449/https://www.etymonline.com/search?q=vegetarian |url-status=live }}</ref> The term was popularized with the foundation of the [[Vegetarian Society]] in [[Manchester]] in 1847,<ref name=OED>''OED'' vol. 19, second edition (1989), p. 476; ''Webster's Third New International Dictionary'' p. 2537; ''The Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology'', ''Oxford'', 1966, p. 972; ''The Barnhart Dictionary of Etymology'' (1988), p. 1196; Colin Spencer, ''The Heretic's Feast. A History of Vegetarianism'', London 1993, p. 252. The ''OED'' writes that the word came into general use after the formation of the Vegetarian Society at Ramsgate in 1847, though it offers two examples of usage from 1839 and 1842: 
* 1839: "If I had had to be my own cook, I should inevitably become a vegetarian." (F. A. Kemble, ''Jrnl. Residence on Georgian Plantation'' (1863) 251)
* 1842: "To tell a healthy vegetarian that his diet is very uncongenial with the wants of his nature." (''Healthian'', Apr. 34) The 1839 occurrence remains under discussion; the Oxford English Dictionary's 1839 source is in fact an 1863 publication: [[Fanny Kemble]], ''Journal of a Residence on a Georgian Plantation 1838–1839''. The original manuscript has not been located.</ref> although it may have appeared in print before 1847.<ref name=OED/><ref name=veghistory>{{cite web|last=Davis|first=John|title=History of Vegetarianism: Extracts from some journals 1842–48 – the earliest known uses of the word 'vegetarian' |publisher=[[International Vegetarian Union]] |url=https://ivu.org/history/vegetarian.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180318223303/https://ivu.org/history/vegetarian.html|archive-date=March 18, 2018|url-status=live|access-date=March 18, 2018|quote=In 1841 the [Alcott House] was re-invented as '''A Concordium, or Industry Harmony College''' though the building remained 'Alcott House'. Also in 1841 they began printing and publishing their own pamphlets, which now seem to be lost, but we have the relevant extracts, with the earliest known use of 'vegetarian', from their first journal which began in December 1841[.]}}</ref><ref name=Kemble>{{cite web|url=https://ivu.org/history/kemble.html|title=History of Vegetarianism: Extracts from some journals 1842–48 – the earliest known uses of the word 'vegetarian' (Appendix 2 – The 1839 journal of Fanny Kemble)|last=Davis|first=John|publisher=International Vegetarian Union|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180318222547/https://ivu.org/history/kemble.html|archive-date=March 18, 2018|url-status=live|access-date=March 18, 2018}}</ref> The earliest occurrences of the term seem to be related to [[Alcott House]]—a school on the north side of [[Ham Common, London]]—which was opened in July 1838 by [[James Pierrepont Greaves]].<ref name=veghistory/><ref name=Kemble/><ref>{{cite web |title=FAQ: Definitions|date=March 8, 2013 |website=IVU World Vegfest|publisher=[[International Vegetarian Union]] |url=https://www.worldvegfest.org/index.php/definitions|access-date=March 18, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416000814/https://www.worldvegfest.org/index.php/definitions|archive-date=April 16, 2015|url-status=dead|quote=The term ''''Vegetarian'''' was first used around 1840 by the community closely associated with Alcott House School, near London, and they used it to refer exclusively to foods derived from plants—plus all the ethical values associated today with Veganism. [...] The word 'Vegetarian' was first formally used on September 30th of 1847 at Northwood Villa in Kent, England. The occasion is the inaugural meeting of The [[Vegetarian Society]].}}</ref> From 1841, it was known as ''A Concordium, or Industry Harmony College'', and the institution then began to publish its own pamphlet, ''The Healthian''. It provides some of the earliest appearances of the term "vegetarian".<ref name=veghistory/>