Editing Valentine Baker (section)

==Biography==
Baker was educated in [[Gloucester]] and in [[Ceylon]], and in 1848 entered the [[Ceylon Rifle Regiment|Ceylon Rifles]] as an [[Ensign (rank)|ensign]]. He soon transferred to the [[12th Lancers]], and saw active service with that regiment in the [[Xhosa Wars|8th Cape Frontier War]] of 1852–1853. In the [[Crimean War]], Baker was present at the [[Battle of Chernaya River]] and at the fall of [[Sevastopol]], and in 1859 he became major in the [[10th Hussars]], succeeding only a year later to the command. This position he held for 13 years, during which period the highest efficiency of his men was reached, and outside the regiment he did good service to his arm by his writings.{{sfn|Carr|1901}}

He went through the wars of 1866 and 1870 as a spectator with the German armies, and in 1873 he started upon a famous journey through [[Greater Khorasan|Khorasan]] with his friend [[Fred Burnaby]].  Although he was unable to reach the [[Khanate of Khiva]] the results of the journey afforded a great deal of political, geographical and military information, especially as to the advance of [[Russia]] in [[Central Asia]].

In 1874, he was back in [[England]] and took up a staff appointment at [[Aldershot]].

The following year, Baker's career in the British army was ended by a scandal.  He was arrested on a charge of indecent assault upon a young woman in a railway carriage.  The woman, Rebecca Kate Dickinson, ended up clinging to the outside of the carriage to escape him. The matter went to trial and there was much public interest.  Baker offered no defence, and was sentenced to a year's imprisonment and a fine of £500. He was then dismissed from the service.{{sfn|Carr|1901}}<ref>{{cite book |title=The Oxford Book of Military Anecdotes |editor-first=Max |editor-last=Hastings |editor-link=Max Hastings |publisher=[[OUP]] |year=1985 |pages=292–293 |first=Byron |last=Farwell |author-link=Byron Farwell |isbn=0-19-214107-4}}</ref>

Two years later, having left [[England]], he entered the service of the [[Ottoman Army]] in the [[Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)|war with Russia]].  At first in a high position in the [[Ottoman Gendarmerie]] he was soon transferred to [[Mehmed Ali Pasha (marshal)|Mehmed Ali Pasha]]'s staff, and thence took command of a division of infantry.  With this division, Baker sustained the rearguard [[Battle of Tashkessen|action of Tashkessen]] against the troops of [[Iosif Gurko]]. Promoted [[Ferik (rank)|Ferik]] (lieutenant-general) for this feat, he continued to command Suleiman's rearguard.  After the peace he was employed in an administrative post in [[Ottoman Armenia]], where he remained until 1882. In this year he was offered the command of the newly formed [[Egyptian Army]], which he accepted. On his arrival at [[Cairo]], however, the offer was withdrawn and he obtained command only of the Egyptian police. In this post he devoted by far the greater amount of his energy to the training of the gendarmerie, which he realised would be the reserve of the purely military forces.{{sfn|Carr|1901}}

When the [[Mahdist War|war in Sudan]] broke out, Baker, hastening with 3500 men to relieve [[Tokar, Sudan|Tokar]], encountered the enemy under [[Osman Digna]] at [[El Teb]].  His men becoming panic-stricken at the first rush were slaughtered.  Baker himself with a few of his officers succeeded by hard fighting in cutting a way out, but his force was annihilated. British troops soon afterwards arrived at [[Suakin]], and [[Gerald Graham|Sir Gerald Graham]] took the offensive. Baker Pasha accompanied the British force, guiding it on its march to the scene of his defeat, and at the desperately fought second [[battle of El Teb]] he was wounded.

He remained in command of the Egyptian police until his death in 1887.{{sfn|Carr|1901}}