Editing Vacuole (section)

==Discovery==
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek described the plant vacuole in 1676.<ref>van Leeuwenhoek, A. and Hoole, S. (1800) The Select Works of Antony Van Leeuwenhoek, Containing His Microscopical Discoveries in Many of the Works of Nature. Translator; 1800</ref> [[Contractile vacuole]]s ("stars") were first observed by [[Spallanzani]] (1776) in [[protozoa]], although mistaken for respiratory organs.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Spallanzani L|date=1776|title=Observations et expériences faites sur les Animalicules des Infusions|journal=L'École Polytechnique|location=Paris|pages=1920}}</ref> [[Félix Dujardin|Dujardin]] (1841) named these "stars" as ''vacuoles''.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Dujardin F|date=1841|title=Histoire naturelle des zoophytes: Infusoires|journal=Librairie Encyclopédique de Roret|location=Paris}}</ref> In 1842, [[Matthias Jakob Schleiden|Schleiden]] applied the term for plant cells, to distinguish the structure with cell sap from the rest of the [[protoplasm]].<ref>{{cite book|vauthors=Schleiden MJ|date=1842|title=Grundzüge der wissenschaftlichen Botanik|location=Leipzig|publisher=W. Engelmann}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t_biw80LgjwC|title=Plant Cell Biology: From Astronomy to Zoology|vauthors=Wayne R|date=2009|publisher=Elsevier/Academic Press|isbn=9780080921273|location=Amsterdam|page=101}}</ref> In 1885, [[Hugo de Vries|de Vries]] named the vacuole membrane as tonoplast.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=de Vries H|date=1885|title=Plasmolytische Studien über die Wand der Vakuolen|journal=Jahrb. Wiss. Bot.|volume=16|pages=465–598}}</ref>
Christian de Duve, discovered mammalian lysosomes using biochemical methods in the mid 1970’s. de Duve named lysosomes based on their biochemical properties (from the Greek ''lysis'' – digestive and ''soma'' – body). Their physical form was confirmed shortly later by electron microscopy. Because the lysosome shares many properties with vacuoles across taxonomical kingdoms, the notion that vacuoles and lysosomes are distinctly different organelles is more historical than functional.<ref>de Duve, C. (2005) The lysosome turns fifty. Nat. Cell Biol. 7, 847–849 CrossRef PubMed</ref>