Editing VT100 (section)

==Description==
DEC's first video terminal was the [[VT05]] (1970), succeeded by the [[VT50]] (1974), and soon upgraded to the [[VT52]] (1975). The VT52 featured a text display with 80 columns and 24 rows, bidirectional scrolling, and a custom control protocol that allowed the cursor to be moved about the screen. These "smart terminals" were a hit due both to their capabilities and to their ability to be run over inexpensive serial links, rather than custom proprietary connections as in the case of systems like the [[IBM 3270]], which generally required expensive controllers for distributed applications. In contrast, "dumb terminals" or "glass teletypes" like the [[ADM-3]] (1975) lacked advanced features such as full cursor addressability, and competed mostly on lowest possible hardware cost.

The VT100 was introduced in August 1978, replacing the VT50/VT52 family. Like the earlier models, it communicated with its [[Server (computing)|host]] system over serial lines at a minimum speed of 50 bit/s, but increased the maximum speed to 19,200 bit/s, double that of the VT52.<ref name="vt100-technical-manual">{{cite book |url=http://www.vt100.net/docs/vt100-tm/ek-vt100-tm-002.pdf |title=VT100 Series Technical Manual |publisher=Digital Equipment Corporation |date=1979 |access-date=2022-04-22 |archive-date=2020-01-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200101071544/https://vt100.net/docs/vt100-tm/ek-vt100-tm-002.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>{{rp|1{{hyp}}3}}
The terminal provided an option for "smooth scrolling", whereby displayed lines of text were moved gradually up or down the screen to make room for new lines, instead of advancing in sudden "jumps".  This made it easier to scan or read the text, although it somewhat slowed down the maximum data rate.<ref name="vt100-technical-manual" />{{rp|2{{hyp}}16}}

The major internal change was the control protocol. Unlike the VT50/52's proprietary cursor control language, the VT100 was based on the newly emerging [[ANSI X3.64]] standard for command codes.{{efn|A similar standard was being organized as ECMA-48, which was fairly similar to X3.64. The two standards were later merged in ISO 6429.}} At the time, some computer vendors{{who|date=January 2022}} had suggested that the new standard was beyond the [[state of the art]] and could not be implemented at a reasonable price. The introduction of low-cost [[microprocessor]]s and the ever-falling cost of [[computer memory]] offered greatly expanded capabilities, and the VT100 used the new [[Intel 8080]] as its internal [[CPU|processor]].<ref>{{citation |url= https://invisible-island.net/archives/shuford/terminal/dec.html |title= DEC Video Terminals&mdash;The VT100 and Its Successors |last= Shuford |first= Richard S. |year= 2005 |access-date= 2015-08-22 |archive-date= 2022-04-22 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220422092438/https://invisible-island.net/archives/shuford/terminal/dec.html |url-status= live }}</ref> In addition, the VT100 provided [[backwards compatibility]] for VT52-compatible software, by also supporting the older control sequences.<ref name="vt100_user_guide"/>
Other improvements beyond the VT52 included a 132-column mode, and a variety of "graphic renditions" including blinking, bolding, [[reverse video]], underlining, and lines of double-sized or double-width characters. The VT100 also introduced an additional [[box-drawing characters|box-drawing character set]] containing various pseudographics that allowed the drawing of on-screen forms.

All configuration setup of the VT100 was accomplished using interactive displays presented on the screen; the setup data was stored in [[non-volatile memory]] within the terminal. Maintainability was also significantly improved, since a VT100 could be quickly  dismantled into replaceable modules.

The VT100's internal layout can be split into two boards for functionality, not including the VT100's optional boards you can purchase. There is a board called the video monitor board which is used for things like adjusting the CRT on the terminal itself. This board is responsible for adjusting the CRT in the case that the electron beam is offset.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://vt100.net/dec/ek-vt101-ps-001.pdf |title=VT101 Series Pocket Service Guide |date=September 1981 |publisher=Digital Equipment Corporation |id=EK-VT101-PS-001}}</ref> The terminal controller board is what handles the terminal logic, and includes a multitude of chips such as DEC's rebranding of the Intel 8080.   

In 1983, the VT100 was replaced by the more powerful VT200 series terminals such as the [[VT220]].