Editing Víctor Raúl Haya de la Torre (section)

==Early life and education==
[[File:Casa de Haya.jpg|thumb|right|250px|House where Haya de la Torre was born in [[Trujillo, Peru|Trujillo]], [[La Libertad Region|La Libertad]], [[Peru]]; currently, it houses the cultural center and museum that bears his name.]]
Víctor Raúl Haya de la Torre was born in the northern Peruvian city of [[Trujillo, Peru|Trujillo]] on February 22, 1895. He was the son of Raúl Edmundo Haya y de Cárdenas, also from Trujillo, and Zoila Victoria de la Torre y de Cárdenas, who were also cousins.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Las Ciencias Sociales: Biografía de Victor Raúl Haya de la Torre |url=http://reneyepez.blogspot.com/2008/01/biografa-de-victor-ral-haya-de-la-torre.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080218053119/http://reneyepez.blogspot.com/2008/01/biografa-de-victor-ral-haya-de-la-torre.html |archive-date=18 February 2008 |access-date=12 January 2022 |website=reneyepez.blogspot.com}}</ref> His birth is commemorated as ''Fraternity Day'' every February 22 by the [[American Popular Revolutionary Alliance|Peruvian Aprista Party]].<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www2.congreso.gob.pe/Sicr/Comisiones/2009/comvirahaya.nsf/9DF6C34F387C83280525784300011BC7/$FILE/DIA-FRATERNIDAD.pdf | title=16º aniversario del natalicio del lider y fundador del partido aprista peruano "Día de la fraternidad"| language=es | url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220528020012/https://www2.congreso.gob.pe/Sicr/Comisiones/2009/comvirahaya.nsf/9DF6C34F387C83280525784300011BC7/$FILE/DIA-FRATERNIDAD.pdf |archive-date=May 28, 2022 }}</ref>

Haya studied his primary and secondary education at the Seminary of San Carlos School and San Marcelo School of Trujillo. In 1913, he enrolled in the [[Universidad Nacional de Trujillo|National University of Trujillo]] to study literature, where he met and forged a solid friendship with the Peruvian poet [[César Vallejo]]. Both, along with other students and under the leadership of [[Antenor Orrego]] and José Eulogio Garrido, integrated the so-called "Trujillo bohemia", where he was known as "The Prince of Misfortune" among his classmates. This intellectual group was later baptized as the [[North Group]].

Subsequently, he continued his undergraduate education at the [[National University of San Marcos]] in Lima, where he pursued a law degree. In 1917, he was introduced to politician and writer [[Manuel González Prada]], whom is cited as his main influence in the capital, developing political concerns derived from the radicalism of said intellectual. In 1918, he was one of those who carried his coffin. Historians have debated over the fact that González Prada is the precursor of ''Aprismo''.

===Student leader (1919–1923)===
In January 1919, he joined the college commission that supported the workers' struggle for the establishment of the eight-hour labor reform. Contrary to popular belief, Haya de la Torre did not assume a leading role in the development of the strike, but rather played a small role as a student leader.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://issuu.com/abrelosojos/docs/la_verdadera_historia_de_la_jornada|title=La verdadera historia de la jornada de las 8 horas en el Perú - Cesar Levano by AvRe loS OjOz Arequipa - Issuu|website=issuu.com|date=April 27, 2016 }}</ref> This episode marked the beginning of Haya's active participation in Peruvian politics. In October of that same year, he was elected president of the Peruvian Student Federation. He was linked with all sectors of society. He led movements in favor of university reform in Peru and labor organizations. He participated in the first National Student Congress, held in Cusco (March 1920), where the project to create the "popular universities" was approved,<ref>{{Cite web |title=El Proceso de la Instrucción Pública |url=http://www.yachay.com.pe/especiales/7ensayos/ENSAYOS/Ensayo4B.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100823080435/http://www.yachay.com.pe/especiales/7ensayos/ENSAYOS/Ensayo4B.htm |archive-date=23 August 2010 |access-date=12 January 2022 |website=www.yachay.com.pe}}</ref> which in 1922 took shape under the name of "González Prada", night schools for workers, which according to some historians formed the foundation for his party. He was instrumental in bringing the ideas of the Argentine University Reform movement (La Reforma) to San Marcos, and administrative reforms were instituted in 1919. Part of the reform movement was university extension programs, through which the university students hoped to reach the working classes.

He launched numerous protests against the government of [[Augusto B. Leguía]] when, around 1923, began to plot his perpetuation in power (this regime would later be known as ''the Eleven-Year Rule''). One of the most significant of these protests was the opposition campaign to the projected official consecration of the country to the [[Sacred Heart]] order, promoted by the Archbishop of Lima, [[Emilio Lisson]], to legitimize the dictatorial regime. During the street protest, a student and a worker died (May 23, 1923), which became a symbol of student-worker unity. The consecration ceremony was finally suspended by the archbishop.<ref>Sánchez, 1985, pp.101–117.</ref> Later, Haya led the radical student-worker magazine Claridad, in collaboration with [[José Carlos Mariátegui]], as "organ of the free youth of Peru" and of the popular universities.<ref name="3a2865e1">Tauro del Pino, 2001, tomo 8, p.1145.</ref>

Haya also taught at the Colegio Anglo-Peruano (now Colegio San Andres), a school operated by the Free Church of Scotland in Lima. He was deeply influenced by the headmaster of the school, [[John A. Mackay]], a Free Church missionary.<ref>John Mackay Metzger, The Hand and the Road: The Life and Times of John A. Mackay (Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox Press, 2010), 121–122</ref> In October 1923, he was arrested and detained in the [[El Frontón]] prison, where he went on a hunger strike; six days after the strike, he was shipped in the small steam train Negada and deported to [[Panama]].<ref>Sánchez, 1985, p.117.</ref>