Editing Ural Mountains (section)

==Etymology==
As attested by [[Sigismund von Herberstein]], in the 16th century, Russians called the Ural range by a variety of names derived from the Russian words for rock (stone) and belt. The modern Russian name for the Urals ({{lang|ru|Урал}}, {{Italics correction|''Ural''}}), first appearing in the 16th–17th century during the [[Russian conquest of Siberia]], was initially applied to its southern parts and gained currency as the name of the entire range during the 18th century. It might have been borrowed from either [[Turkic languages|Turkic]] "stone belt"<ref>{{cite book|author1=Koryakova, Ludmila |author2=Epimakhov, Andrey|title=The Urals and Western Siberia in the Bronze and Iron Ages|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tvbz3vaNeBQC|date=2014|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-139-46165-8|page=338}}</ref> ([[Bashkir language|Bashkir]], where the same name is used for the range), or [[Ob-Ugric languages|Ob-Ugric]].<ref>[[Max Vasmer|Фасмер, Макс]]. [http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/vasmer/35901/Урал Этимологический словарь русского языка]</ref> From the 13th century in [[Bashkortostan]], there has been a [[Ural-batyr|legend about a hero named Ural]] who sacrificed his life for the sake of his people who then poured a stone pile over his grave, which later turned into the Ural Mountains.<ref name=bse/><ref>{{cite book |author1=Koriakova, Ludmila |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tvbz3vaNeBQC |title=The Urals and Western Siberia in the Bronze and Iron Ages |author2=Epimakhov, Andrei |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2007 |isbn=978-0-521-82928-1 |page=338}}</ref><ref>[http://book-chel.ru/ind.php?what=card&id=3933 Ural, toponym] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110812191428/http://book-chel.ru/ind.php?what=card&id=3933 |date=12 August 2011 }} Chlyabinsk Encyclopedia (in Russian)</ref> Possibilities include Bashkir ''үр'' "elevation; upland" and [[Mansi languages|Mansi]] ''ур ала'' "mountain peak, top of the mountain",<ref name="survinat">{{Cite web |date=30 October 2014 |title=What is the Urals |url=http://survinat.com/2014/10/what-is-the-urals/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180817055914/http://survinat.com/2014/10/what-is-the-urals/ |archive-date=17 August 2018 |website=Survinat}}</ref> [[w:Vasily Tatishchev|V.N. Tatischev]] believes that this [[Oronym (toponymy)|oronym]] is set to "belt" and associates it with the Turkic verb oralu- "gird".<ref name="survinat"/> I.G. Dobrodomov suggests a transition from [[w:Aral sea|Aral]] to Ural explained on the basis of ancient [[w:Bulgars|Bulgar]]-[[Chuvash language|Chuvash]] dialects. Geographer E.V. Hawks believes that the name goes back to the Bashkir folklore [[w:Ural-Batyr|Ural-Batyr]].<ref name="survinat"/> The [[Evenki language|Evenk]] geographical term ''era'' "mountain" has also been theorized.<ref name="survinat"/> (cf also Ewenkī ürǝ-l (pl.) "mountains") Finno-Ugrist scholars consider Ural deriving from the [[Ostyak]] word ''urr'' meaning "chain of mountains".<ref>{{cite EB1911|wstitle= Ural Mountains | volume= 27 | pages = 786&ndash;787 |last1= Kropotkin |first1= Peter Alexeivitch |author1-link=Peter Kropotkin|last2= Bealby |first2= John Thomas |quote= ... the name of Urals (Uraly)—derived either from the Ostyak urr (chain of mountains) or from the Turkish aral-tau or oral-tau...}}</ref> [[Turkology|Turkologists]], on the other hand, have achieved majority support for their assertion that 'ural' in Tatar means a belt, and recall that an earlier name for the range was 'stone belt'.<ref>{{cite book|author=Dukes, Paul |title=A History of the Urals: Russia's Crucible from Early Empire to the Post-Soviet Era|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vAEzBgAAQBAJ|date=2015|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|isbn=978-1-4725-7379-7|page=5}}</ref>