Editing University of Sussex (section)

==History==
===20th century===
In an effort to establish a university to serve Sussex, a public meeting was held in December 1911 at the [[Royal Pavilion]] in Brighton to discover ways to fund the construction of a university; the project was halted by [[World War I]], and the money raised was used instead for books for the Municipal Technical College.

The idea was revived in the 1950s,  and in June 1958 the government approved the corporation's scheme for a university at [[Brighton]], to be the first of a new generation of what came to be known as [[plate glass university|plate glass universities]].<ref name="history"/> The university was established as a company in 1959, with a [[Royal Charter]] being granted on 16 August 1961.<ref name="history"/> This was the first university to be established in the UK since the Second World War, apart from [[Keele University]]. The university's organisation broke new ground in seeing the campus divided into Schools of Study, with students able to benefit from a multidisciplinary teaching environment. Sussex would emphasise cross-disciplinary activity, so that students would emerge from the university with a range of background or 'contextual' knowledge to complement their specialist 'core' skills in a particular subject area.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sussex.ac.uk/history/about/historiansatsussex |title=Historians at Sussex : About the Department : History : University of Sussex |access-date=5 April 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130404071755/http://www.sussex.ac.uk/history/about/historiansatsussex |archive-date=4 April 2013 }}</ref> For example, arts students spent their first year taking sciences while science students took arts.This experimental interdisciplinary educational model was famously described by Professor Asa Briggs as pioneering "a new map of learning".<ref>{{Citation |last=Cragoe |first=Matthew |title=Asa Briggs and the University of Sussex, 1961–1976 |date=2015 |url=https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137392596_11 |work=The Age of Asa: Lord Briggs, Public Life and History in Britain since 1945 |pages=225–247 |editor-last=Taylor |editor-first=Miles |access-date=2023-07-30 |place=London |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan UK |language=en |doi=10.1057/9781137392596_11 |isbn=978-1-137-39259-6}}</ref>

The university grew from 52 students in 1961–62 to 3,200 in 1967–68. After starting at Knoyle Hall in Brighton, the Falmer campus was gradually built with Falmer House opening in 1962.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mybrightonandhove.org.uk/page_id__6834.aspx|title=A potted history {{!}} University of Sussex {{!}} Universities and colleges {{!}} Places {{!}} My Brighton and Hove|website=www.mybrightonandhove.org.uk |access-date=24 February 2018}}</ref> The campus was praised as gorgeously modernist and groundbreaking, receiving numerous awards.<ref name="basilspence.org.uk"/> The student union, as is typical, organised events and concerts, bringing in acts like [[Pink Floyd]], [[Jimi Hendrix]] and [[Chuck Berry]] to perform at the University Common Room.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mybrightonandhove.org.uk/page/university_of_sussex?path=0p115p213p956p|title=Modernism and rock 'n' roll – University of Sussex – Universities and colleges – Places – My Brighton and Hove}}</ref>

Academically, Sussex was home to figures such as [[Asa Briggs|Asa Lord Briggs]], Helmut Pappe, [[Gillian Rose]], [[Jennifer Platt]] and [[Tom Bottomore]]. In its first years, the university attracted a number of renowned academics such as Sir [[John Cornforth]], [[John Maynard Smith]], [[Martin Wight]], [[David Daiches]], Roger Blin-Stoyle and [[Colin Eaborn]]. Similarly, renowned scholars like [[Marcus Cunliffe]], [[Gabriel Josipovici]], [[Quentin Bell]], Dame [[Helen Wallace]], [[Stuart Sutherland]] and [[Marie Jahoda]] also became central figures at the university and founded many of its current departments. Additionally, a number of initiatives at the university were started at this time, such as the [[Subaltern Studies Group]], founded by [[Ranajit Guha]] who was Reader in History at Sussex between 1962 and 1981.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Obituary: Professor Ranajit Guha |url=https://www.sussex.ac.uk/broadcast/read/61233 |access-date=2023-07-30 |website=The University of Sussex |language=en}}</ref>

In the late 1960s, the United Nations asked for science policy recommendations from a team of renowned academics at Sussex. The ensuing report became known as the [[Sussex Manifesto]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Standke |first=Klaus-Heinrich |date=1 November 2006 |title=Sixty years of UN and UNESCO |url=http://www.klaus-heinrich-standke.de/admin/datenbank/secure/files/1402576641_.pdf |access-date=16 March 2023 |website=klaus-heinrich-standke.de}}</ref>

Sussex came to be identified with student [[Political radicalism|radicalism]]. In 1973, a group of students prevented United States government adviser [[Samuel P. Huntington]] from giving a speech on campus, because of his involvement in the [[Vietnam War]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thebadgeronline.co.uk/news/huntingtondie |title=News |publisher=The Badger Online |access-date=20 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120224181512/http://www.thebadgeronline.co.uk/news/huntingtondie |archive-date=24 February 2012 |url-status=usurped  }}</ref> Similarly, when the spokesperson for the US embassy, Robert Beers, visited to give a talk to students entitled 'Vietnam in depth' three students were waiting outside Falmer House and threw a bucket of red paint over the diplomat as he was leaving.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theargus.co.uk/news/by_location/16043245._We_thought_we_could_change_the_world___Memories_of_Vietnam_War_protest_at_University_of_Sussex/|title='We thought we could change the world': Memories of Vietnam War protest at University of Sussex|website=The Argus|date=23 February 2018 }}</ref>

In both 1967 and 1969, Sussex won the television quiz ''[[University Challenge]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.blanchflower.org/uc/winners_teams.html|title=University Challenge – Series Champions|website=blanchflower.org|access-date=24 February 2018}}</ref>

In 1980, Sussex edged out the [[University of Oxford]] to become the university with the highest income from research grants and contracts.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://m.sussex.ac.uk/alumni/pdfs/university-of-sussex-at-50.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=18 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201030529/http://m.sussex.ac.uk/alumni/pdfs/university-of-sussex-at-50.pdf |archive-date=1 December 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===21st century===
[[File:Jubilee Building, University of Sussex.jpg|thumb|The Jubilee Building]]
In an attempt to appeal to a modern audience, the university chose in 2004 to cease using its coat of arms<ref>{{cite web |url=https://imagelib.sussex.ac.uk/gallery2/v/pressandcomms/Oficcial+Crest+on+Vellum+a.jpg.html |title=Official Crest on Vellum a |publisher=Imagelib.sussex.ac.uk |access-date=20 May 2012 }} {{Dead link|date=July 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> and to replace it with the "US" logo.<ref>{{cite web| url= http://www.sussex.ac.uk/press_office/media/media454.shtml |title=Press release archive : News and events : University of Sussex |publisher=University of Sussex |access-date=20 May 2012}}</ref>

In 2011, Sussex celebrated its 50th anniversary and saw the production of a number of works including a book on the university's history and an oral history and photography project. The university launched its first major fundraising campaign, Making the Future, and gathered over £51.3&nbsp;million.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sussex.ac.uk/campaign|title=Making the Future : University of Sussex|website=sussex.ac.uk}}</ref>

The university underwent a number of changes with the Sussex Strategic Plan 2009–2015, including the introduction of new academic courses, the opening of new research centres, the renovation and refurbishment of a number of its schools and buildings as well as the ongoing expansion of its student housing facilities. 

In 2018, the university moved all of its investments out of fossil fuels (known as [[fossil fuel divestment]]) after a four-year student union run campaign.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://peopleandplanet.org/blog/2018-02-05/victory-sussex-university-goes-fossil-free|title=Victory: Sussex University goes Fossil Free!|date=5 February 2018|work=People & Planet|access-date=24 February 2018}}</ref>

In October 2021 a student campaign called for [[Kathleen Stock]]'s dismissal.<ref>{{cite news |title=Students demand Sussex uni fire anti-trans professor Kathleen Stock: 'We've f**king had enough' |url=https://www.pinknews.co.uk/2021/10/07/kathleen-stock-university-sussex/ |access-date=13 October 2021 |work=[[PinkNews]]}}</ref> In October 2021, the university's vice-chancellor Professor [[Adam Tickell]] gave his support to Stock who has been accused of [[transphobia]]. ''[[The Times]]'' reported students have called for Stock's dismissal and claimed that she has been victimised.<ref name="Times20211013">{{cite news|last=Woolcock|first=Nicola|date=13 October 2021|title=Universities union backs trans rights over threatened professor Kathleen Stock |url=https://www.thetimes.com/article/universities-union-backs-trans-rights-over-threatened-professor-kathleen-stock-sgzz09j2f |access-date=13 October 2021 |work=[[The Times]]}}</ref> Following Tickell's statement, the Sussex branch of the [[University and College Union]] (UCU) called for an investigation into "institutional transphobia" at the University of Sussex.<ref name="Times20211013" /> Students have accused the university management of being "anti-student and pro-transphobia".<ref>{{cite news|last=Kelleher|first=Patrick|date=13 October 2021|title=The University of Sussex has been accused of being hypocritical, "anti-student and pro-transphobia" |url=https://www.pinknews.co.uk/2021/10/13/kathleen-stock-sussex-university-trans-students/ |access-date=13 October 2021 |work=[[PinkNews]]}}</ref> [[Taiwo Owatemi]], the [[Shadow Minister for Women and Equalities]], called UCU's statement "strong and principled".<ref>{{cite news |title=Shadow minister criticises Kathleen Stock for being LGB Alliance trustee |url=https://www.theguardian.com/society/2021/oct/13/shadow-minister-criticises-kathleen-stock-for-being-lgb-alliance-trustee |access-date=13 October 2021 |work=The Guardian}}</ref>

In 2021, during the [[COVID-19 pandemic]], Sussex was one of few universities that returned to real-world teaching. Most [[lecture]]s at other universities chose to remain [[Educational technology|online-only]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Mintz|first=Luke|date=26 September 2021|title=A tale of two universities: How Sussex and Brighton's post-Covid offering couldn't be more different|language=en-GB|work=The Telegraph|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/education-and-careers/2021/09/26/tale-two-universities-sussex-brightons-post-covid-offering-couldnt/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/education-and-careers/2021/09/26/tale-two-universities-sussex-brightons-post-covid-offering-couldnt/ |archive-date=12 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|access-date=1 November 2021|issn=0307-1235}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

In March 2025, Sussex was fined £585,000 by the [[Office for Students]] (OfS), which said it had failed to uphold freedom of speech in its trans and non-binary equality policy statement passed in 2018. The policy stated that course materials should "positively represent trans people" and that  "transphobic propaganda" would not be tolerated. The OfS gave the case of Kathleen Stock as an example of the "chilling effect" this had on expression of lawful views. Professor Sasha Roseneil, the university’s vice chancellor, said "The way the OfS has conducted this investigation has been completely unacceptable, its findings are egregious and concocted, and the fine that is being imposed on Sussex is wholly disproportionate." The university has said that it will legally challenge the penalty.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Adams |first=Richard |last2= |first2= |date=2025-03-27 |title=University of Sussex taking legal action over £585,000 free speech fine |url=https://www.theguardian.com/education/2025/mar/27/university-of-sussex-legal-action-free-speech-fine-sasha-roseneil |access-date=2025-03-29 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Weale |first1=Sally |title=University of Sussex fined £585,000 for failing to uphold freedom of speech|date=26 March 2025 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/education/2025/mar/26/university-of-sussex-fined-freedom-of-speech-investigation-kathleen-stock |website=theguardian.com |publisher=Guardian |access-date=26 March 2025}}</ref>