Editing University of Puerto Rico (section)

== History ==
In 1900, at [[Fajardo]], the ''Escuela Normal Industrial'' ([[normal school]]) was established as the first higher education center in [[Puerto Rico]]. Its initial enrollment was 20 students and 5 professors.<ref>Historia de la Universidad de Puerto Rico. {{cite web |url=http://upi100.rrp.upr.edu/espanol/secciones/sobre_centenario/datos_historicos.htm |title=Datos Históricos de la Universidad de Puerto Rico |access-date=2009-03-16 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090316164756/http://upi100.rrp.upr.edu/espanol/secciones/sobre_centenario/datos_historicos.htm |archive-date=2009-03-16 }}. 2008-04-30.</ref> The following year it was moved to [[Río Piedras]]. On March 12, 1903, the legislature authorized founding of the University of Puerto Rico, and that day the "Escuela Normal" was proclaimed as its first department.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Sojo Ramos|first=Norma|title=Centenario|url=http://centenario.uprm.edu/historia.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061212202521/http://centenario.uprm.edu/historia.html|archive-date=2006-12-12|access-date=2021-08-22|website=centenario.uprm.edu|language=es}}</ref>
[[File:LaUniversidad.jpg|thumb|Aerial view of the [[University of Puerto Rico at Río Piedras|Río Piedras Campus]]
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[[File:UPRM Portal s.jpg|right|thumb|[[Portico]] of the [[University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez|Mayagüez Campus]] (RUM)]]

[[File:Clock Tower University of Puerto Rico-San Marcos-Harvard.jpg|thumb|[[Roosevelt Tower]] at University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras, based on the [[Giralda]] in Seville, includes the emblems both of [[Harvard University]]—the oldest in the United States—and [[University of San Marcos]]—the oldest in the Americas.]]

In 1908, the [[Morrill Land-Grant Acts|Morrill-Nelson Act]] was extended to Puerto Rico, making the university a "[[Land-grant university|Land Grant College]]," which authorizes the use of federal land to establish colleges of agriculture, science and engineering.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Historia|url=https://www.upr.edu/historia/|access-date=2021-08-22|website=Universidad de Puerto Rico|language=es}}</ref> Two years later, in 1910, the College of Liberal Arts was established and the year following that the College of Agriculture at Mayagüez came into being. In 1912, the name was changed to College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts.<ref name=":0" />

1913 – The Departments of Pharmacy and Law were established.

1923 – The University Act of 1923– the university reorganized administratively it independent Insular Department of Education, provides the Board of Trustees as the governing board, and make the position of Rector as the principal officer. In 1924 the governor appointed the first Rector.

1924 – The administrative structure and identity of the University of Puerto Rico becomes independent from the Department of Public Instruction.

1926 – The School of Commerce (later School of Business Administration) and the School of Tropical Medicine were established.

1927 – Opening of the first graduate program: the Master of Arts in Hispanic Studies.

1928 – The [[1928 Okeechobee hurricane|San Felipe Segundo hurricane]] struck the island of Puerto Rico and caused serious damage in the Río Piedras campus. Staff and faculty began a reconstruction effort.

1935 – The U.S. Congress extended to Puerto Rico the benefits of [[Bankhead–Jones Act of 1935|Bankhead-Jones Act]], which provided funding for research and the construction of more buildings.

1936–1939 – Major structures in Spanish [[Renaissance architecture|Renaissance style]] are built in the quadrangle in Río Piedras, including buildings such as the Tower Theatre.

1938 – Augusto Rodríguez composed the music and lyrics [[Francisco Arriví|Arriví Francisco's]] Alma Mater, the university anthem.

1942 – Act No. 135 of May 7, 1942, amendment to the university, created the Higher Education Council as the governing board of the institution and regulator of the higher education system in Puerto Rico.

1946 – The university received accreditation from the [[Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools]].

1966 – Act No. 1 of 1966, restructuring the university. The system change to three campuses-Río Piedras, Mayagüez and Medical Sciences.

1967 – Creation of the regional colleges: Arecibo, Cayey and Humacao. Five more were created in the following years: Ponce (1969), Bayamón (1971), Aguadilla (1972), Carolina (1973), and Utuado (1978).

1979 – WRTU-FM began broadcasting from the Río Piedras campus.

1998 – Act No. 186 of August 7, 1998, provides for the gradual autonomy of regional schools as provided by the Board of Trustees, to lead to eleven autonomous units.<ref name=":1" />

[[2010–2011 University of Puerto Rico strikes]] where a series of strikes which occurred as a result of administrative budget cuts and an attempt to impose an $800 quota for students.

July 2010, the Middle States Commission on Higher Education placed the accreditation of the university on probation citing concerns about shortfalls in the governance of the institution.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.insidehighered.com/news/2010/07/06/qt/middle_states_places_u_of_puerto_rico_and_2_other_colleges_on_probation|title=News Archive|access-date=29 May 2015}}</ref> By the end of 2011, all 11 campuses had regained full accreditation after demonstrating significant progress in this area.

2017 – The UPR's staff organized a [[University of Puerto Rico strikes, 2017|strike]] in opposition to budget cuts proposed by the [[Financial Oversight and Management Board for Puerto Rico]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=VOCERO|first=Por Perla Rodríguez, Especial para EL|title=Es una realidad huelga en UPR|trans-title=It's a reality strike in UPR|url=https://www.elvocero.com/es-una-realidad-huelga-en-upr/article_39d0eaaf-0bd0-56c1-be75-4666532d97de.html|access-date=2021-05-30|website=[[El Vocero]]|date=5 April 2017 |language=es}}</ref>

After the impact of [[Hurricane Maria]] the university suffered damages totaling over $175 million. The university system was still in the process of acquiring [[Federal Emergency Management Agency|FEMA]] funding to repair damages and as a result still suffered from structural damage months after the hurricane.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Más de dos años sin que atiendan el deterioro de la UPR por María|trans-title=More than two years without attending to the deterioration of the UPR after María|url=https://periodismoinvestigativo.com/2019/12/mas-de-dos-anos-sin-que-atiendan-el-deterioro-de-la-upr-por-el-huracan-maria/|access-date=2020-08-22|website=Centro de Periodismo Investigativo|date=17 December 2019|language=es-ES}}</ref> The hurricane also affected the process of accreditation since eight campuses where in non compliance according to of the Middle States Commission on Higher Education.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-03-19|title=MSCHE Continues Show Cause Status for 11 UPR Institutions|url=https://www.msche.org/2019/03/19/msche-continues-show-cause-status-for-11-upr-institutions/|access-date=2020-08-22|website=Middle States Commission on Higher Education|language=en-US}}</ref> The eleven campuses opened within two months of Hurricane Maria, offering a sense of structure and normalcy for professors and students.<ref name="CHE2017">{{cite web | title=How to Help the University of Puerto Rico – and How Not To | website=The Chronicle of Higher Education | date=2017-11-27 | url=https://www.chronicle.com/article/how-to-help-the-university-of-puerto-rico-and-how-not-to/ | access-date=2021-05-14}}</ref>

2019– During [[Jorge Haddock Acevedo|Jorge Haddock]] tenure the university newspaper, Diálogo, after 32 years in print, was moved online and employees were laid off until only the editor and an assistant remained. They were reassigned, while the newspaper was moved from the central administration to the Arecibo campus.<ref>{{Cite news|last=López-Alicea|first=Keila|date=2019-04-15|title=Incierto el futuro del periódico digital Diálogo|language=es|work=El Nuevo Día|url=https://www.elnuevodia.com/noticias/locales/nota/inciertoelfuturodelperiodicodigitaldialogo-2488265/|url-status=live|access-date=2020-04-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190416114137/https://www.elnuevodia.com/noticias/locales/nota/inciertoelfuturodelperiodicodigitaldialogo-2488265/|archive-date=2019-04-16}}</ref>

2021 – In June the Financial Oversight and Management Board cut $94 million from the UPR budget which would have drastically affected the institutions ability to operate.<ref>{{Cite web|last=VOCERO|first=Christian G. Ramos Segarra, EL|title=La Junta Fiscal ordena recorte de $94 millones y aumentos a la matrícula de la UPR|url=https://www.elvocero.com/economia/la-junta-fiscal-ordena-recorte-de-94-millones-y-aumentos-a-la-matr-cula-de/article_d1fc7ab2-bf52-11eb-bb72-4b0ff8294c3c.html|access-date=2021-08-22|website=El Vocero de Puerto Rico|date=28 May 2021 |language=es}}</ref> The local government intervened and assigned the money necessary before the August semester commenced.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Caraballo|first=Harry Rodríguez|title=UPR agradece asignación de $94 millones para atenuar recortes por cientos de millones de dólares|url=https://www.metro.pr/pr/noticias/2021/06/08/upr-agradece-asignacion-de-94-millones-para-atenuar-recortes-por-cientos-de-millones-de-dolares.html|access-date=2021-08-22|website=Metro|date=8 June 2021 |language=es}}</ref>