Editing University of New South Wales (section)

==History==
===Foundation===
[[File:UNSW first council meeting.jpg|thumb|University council's first meeting in 1949]]
The origins of the university can be traced to the [[Sydney Mechanics' School of Arts]] established in 1833 and the Sydney Technical College established in 1878.<ref name=":1">{{cite web|url=http://dictionaryofsydney.org/entry/sydney_technical_college|title=Sydney Technical College|website=dictionaryofsydney.org|access-date=29 January 2017|archive-date=26 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150426114930/http://dictionaryofsydney.org/entry/sydney_technical_college|url-status=live}}</ref> These institutions were established to meet the growing demand for capabilities in new technologies as the New South Wales economy shifted from its pastoral base to industries fuelled by the industrial age.<ref name=":1" />

The idea of founding the university originated from the crisis demands of World War II, during which the nation's attention was drawn to the critical role that science and technology played in transforming an agricultural society into a modern and industrial one.<ref name="UNSW History1">O'Farrell, ''UNSW, a portrait: the University of New South Wales, 1949-1999'', UNSW Press, 1999, p. 15 {{ISBN|0-86840-417-9}}</ref> The post-war [[Australian Labor Party (New South Wales Branch)|Labor government]] of New South Wales recognised the increasing need to have a university specialised in training high-quality engineers and technology-related professionals in numbers beyond that of the capacity and characteristics of the existing [[University of Sydney]].<ref name="UNSW History1" /> This led to the proposal to establish the Institute of Technology, submitted by the then-New South Wales [[List of New South Wales Government Agencies|Minister for Education]] [[Bob Heffron]], accepted on 9 July 1946.

The university, originally named the "New South Wales University of Technology", gained its statutory status through the enactment of the ''New South Wales University of Technology Act 1949 (NSW)'' by the [[Parliament of New South Wales]] in Sydney in 1949.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Technical Education and New South Wales University of Technology Act 1949 No 11 |url=http://classic.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/num_act/teanswuota1949n11670/ |access-date=16 April 2023 |website=classic.austlii.edu.au}}</ref>

=== Early years ===
In March 1948, classes commenced with a first intake of 46 students pursuing programs including [[civil engineering]], [[mechanical engineering]], [[mining engineering]], and [[electrical engineering]].<ref>{{cite web |title=University Official Records |publisher=University of New South Wales Records & Archives Office |url=http://www.recordkeeping.unsw.edu.au/historicalresources/onlineexhibitions/unitimelineexhibition/1949_1959.html#1949 |access-date=13 September 2013 |archive-date=4 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131204003425/http://www.recordkeeping.unsw.edu.au/historicalresources/onlineexhibitions/unitimelineexhibition/1949_1959.html#1949 |url-status=live }}</ref> At that time, the thesis programs were innovative. Each course embodied a specified and substantial period of practical training in the relevant industry. It was also unprecedented for tertiary institutions at that time to include compulsory instruction in humanities.<ref name="UNSW History2">O'Farrell, ''UNSW, a portrait: the University of New South Wales, 1949-1999'', UNSW Press, 1999 at p33 {{ISBN|0-86840-417-9}}</ref>

[[File:Old Main Building UNSW 2025-01-05.jpg|thumb|The Old Main Building is the first permanent building constructed on campus, officially opened on 16 April 1955]]

Initially, the university operated from the inner [[Sydney Technical College]] city campus in [[Ultimo, New South Wales|Ultimo]] as a separate institution from the college. However, in 1951, the Parliament of New South Wales passed the ''New South Wales University of Technology (Construction) Act 1951 (NSW)'' to provide funding and allow buildings to be erected at the [[Kensington, New South Wales|Kensington]] site where the university is now located.{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}

The lower campus area of the Kensington campus was vested in the university in two lots, in December 1952 and June 1954. The upper campus area was vested in the university in November 1959.<ref name=campushist>{{cite web |url=http://www.recordkeeping.unsw.edu.au/historicalresources/onlineexhibitions/kensington.html |title=Campus Development Exhibition |publisher=University of New South Wales. Records and Archives Office |access-date=10 October 2012 |archive-date=30 July 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120730142051/http://www.recordkeeping.unsw.edu.au/historicalresources/onlineexhibitions/kensington.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=campushist1993>{{cite web |url=https://www.recordkeeping.unsw.edu.au/sites/default/files/documents/ID21667-001%20%20The%20Development%20of%20the%20Buildings%20and%20Grounds%20of%20the%20University%20of%20New%20South%20Wales%20by%20Rae%20McClintock%20%281993%29%20%28Digital%20Copy%29.pdf|title=The development of the buildings and grounds of the University of New South Wales |website=University of New South Wales |date=March 1993|first=Rae|last=McLintock|access-date=7 March 2021|archive-date=9 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210309172727/https://www.recordkeeping.unsw.edu.au/sites/default/files/documents/ID21667-001%20%20The%20Development%20of%20the%20Buildings%20and%20Grounds%20of%20the%20University%20of%20New%20South%20Wales%20by%20Rae%20McClintock%20%281993%29%20%28Digital%20Copy%29.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Expansion===
In 1958, the university's name was changed to the "University of New South Wales" reflecting a transformation from a technology-based institution to a generalist university. In 1960, the faculties of [[UNSW Faculty of Arts|arts]] and [[UNSW Faculty of Medicine|medicine]] were established, with the [[UNSW Faculty of Law|faculty of law]] coming into being in 1971.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.recordkeeping.unsw.edu.au/university-archives/online-archives-search/faculties-and-boards-studies |title=Faculties and Boards of Studies |work=UNSW Records and Archives Office |publisher=UNSW |access-date=9 July 2019 |archive-date=9 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190709060554/https://www.recordkeeping.unsw.edu.au/university-archives/online-archives-search/faculties-and-boards-studies |url-status=live }}</ref>

The university's first director was [[Arthur Denning]] (1949–1952), who made important contributions to founding the university. In 1953, he was replaced by [[Philip Baxter]], who continued as vice-chancellor when this position's title was changed in 1955.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.recordkeeping.unsw.edu.au/historicalresources/onlineexhibitions/vice-chancellor.html |title=University of New South Wales – UNSW Home – The Vice-Chancellors of the University of New South Wales Exhibition |publisher=Recordkeeping.unsw.edu.au |access-date=10 October 2012 |archive-date=26 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190326001341/https://www.recordkeeping.unsw.edu.au/historicalresources/onlineexhibitions/vice-chancellor.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Baxter's dynamic, if authoritarian, management was central to the university's first 20 years. His visionary, but at times controversial, energies saw the university grow from a handful to 15,000 students by 1968.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://unsw.edu.au/about/pad/history.html |title=History &#124; The University of New South Wales |publisher=Unsw.edu.au |date=5 September 2012 |access-date=10 October 2012 |archive-date=11 November 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111111092631/http://www.unsw.edu.au/about/pad/history.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The new vice-chancellor, [[Rupert Myers]] (1969–1981), brought consolidation and an urbane management style to a period of expanding student numbers, demand for change in university style, and challenges of student unrest.

In 1962, the academic book publishing company [[University of New South Wales Press]] was launched. Now an [[Australian Charities and Not-for-profits Commission|ACNC]] [[Nonprofit organization|not-for-profit]] entity, it has three divisions: NewSouth Publishing (the publishing arm of the company), NewSouth Books (the sales, marketing and distribution part of the company), and the UNSW Bookshop, situated at the Kensington campus.

The stabilising techniques of the 1980s managed by the vice-chancellor, [[Michael Birt (biochemist)|Michael Birt]] (1981–1992),<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.recordkeeping.unsw.edu.au/historicalresources/onlineexhibitions/vice-chancellor.html#birt |title=University of New South Wales – UNSW Home – The Vice-Chancellors of the University of New South Wales Exhibition |publisher=Recordkeeping.unsw.edu.au |access-date=10 October 2012 |archive-date=26 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190326001341/https://www.recordkeeping.unsw.edu.au/historicalresources/onlineexhibitions/vice-chancellor.html#birt |url-status=live }}</ref> provided a firm base for the energetic corporatism and campus enhancements pursued by the subsequent vice-chancellor, [[John Niland]] (1992–2002). The 1990s had the addition of fine arts to the university. The university established colleges in [[Newcastle, New South Wales|Newcastle]] (1951) and [[Wollongong]] (1961), which eventually became the [[University of Newcastle, Australia|University of Newcastle]] and the [[University of Wollongong]] in 1965 and 1975, respectively.

The former St George Institute of Education (part of the short-lived [[Sydney College of Advanced Education]]) amalgamated with the university from 1 January 1990, resulting in the formation of a School of Teacher Education at the former SGIE campus at [[Oatley, New South Wales|Oatley]]. A School of Sports and Leisure Studies and a School of Arts and Music Education were also subsequently based at St George. The campus was closed in 1999.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.recordkeeping.unsw.edu.au/sites/default/files/documents/A569-SGIE.pdf | title=St George Institute of Education (SGIE), Sydney College of Advanced Education | publisher=UNSW University Archives | access-date=11 January 2019 | archive-date=9 July 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190709060346/https://www.recordkeeping.unsw.edu.au/sites/default/files/documents/A569-SGIE.pdf | url-status=live }}</ref>

===Recent history===
In 2012, private sources contributed 45% of the university's annual funding.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://unsw.edu.au/about/pad/history.html |title=History – The University of New South Wales |publisher=unsw.edu.au |date=5 September 2012 |access-date=10 October 2012 |archive-date=11 November 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111111092631/http://www.unsw.edu.au/about/pad/history.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 2010, the [[Lowy Cancer Research Centre]], Australia's first facility to bring together researchers in childhood and adult cancer, costing $127 million, opened.<ref name=openlowy1>{{cite web|title=Prime Minister opens Lowy Cancer Research Centre at the University of New South Wales|url=http://www.acrf.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2010/05/Lowy_release_FINAL.pdf|publisher=Australian Cancer Research Foundation|access-date=28 May 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101204093318/http://www.acrf.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2010/05/Lowy_release_FINAL.pdf|archive-date=4 December 2010}}</ref><ref name=openlowy2>"[http://www.smh.com.au/news/National/New-cancer-research-centre-for-Sydney/2007/06/25/1182623779331.html New cancer research centre for Sydney] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071105162726/http://www.smh.com.au/news/National/New-cancer-research-centre-for-Sydney/2007/06/25/1182623779331.html |date=5 November 2007 }}", ''Sydney Morning Herald''. Retrieved on 23 July 2007.</ref>

In 2003, the university was invited by Singapore's [[Economic Development Board]] to consider opening a campus there. Following a 2004 decision to proceed, the first phase of a planned $200 m campus opened in 2007. Students and staff were sent home and the campus closed after one semester following substantial financial losses.<ref name=":5">{{cite news |date=27 June 2007 |title=UNSW Singapore campus doomed to fail |url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/higher-education/unsw-singapore-campus-doomed-to-fail/story-e6frgcjx-1111113831707 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121231013122/http://www.theaustralian.com.au/higher-education/unsw-singapore-campus-doomed-to-fail/story-e6frgcjx-1111113831707 |archive-date=31 December 2012 |access-date=14 July 2013 |newspaper=The Australian}}</ref>

In 2008, it collaborated with two other universities in forming [[The Centre for Social Impact]].  In 2019, the university moved to a trimester timetable as part of UNSW's 2025 Strategy. Under the trimester timetable, the study load changed from offering four subjects per 13-week semester, to three subjects per 10-week term. The change to trimesters has been widely criticised by staff and students as a money-making move, with little consideration as to the well-being of students.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.smh.com.au/national/very-stressful-students-rebel-after-unsw-dumps-semesters-20190606-p51v8c.html|title='Very stressful': students rebel after UNSW dumps semester|newspaper=The Sydney Morning Herald|date=6 June 2019|access-date=11 July 2019|archive-date=11 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190711005328/https://www.smh.com.au/national/very-stressful-students-rebel-after-unsw-dumps-semesters-20190606-p51v8c.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2012, UNSW Press celebrated its 50th anniversary and launched the [[The Bragg UNSW Press Prize for Science Writing|UNSW Bragg Prize for Science Writing]]. The annual Best Australian Science Writing anthology contains the winning and shortlisted entries among a collection of the year's writing from Australian authors, journalists and scientists and is published annually in the NewSouth imprint under a different editorship. The UNSW Press Bragg Student Prize is for science writing by Australian high school students and is supported by the [[Copyright Agency Ltd|Copyright Agency]] Cultural Fund and [[UNSW Faculty of Science|UNSW Science]].{{cn|date=May 2024}}

In the 2019 Student Experience Survey, the University of New South Wales recorded the lowest student satisfaction rating out of all Australian universities, with an overall satisfaction rating of 62.9, which was lower than the overall national average of 78.4.<ref>{{cite web |title=2019 Student Experience Survey |url=https://www.qilt.edu.au/docs/default-source/ses/ses-2019/2019-ses-national-report.pdf?sfvrsn=6486ec3c_10 |access-date=19 June 2020 |archive-date=18 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200418184719/https://www.qilt.edu.au/docs/default-source/ses/ses-2019/2019-ses-national-report.pdf?sfvrsn=6486ec3c_10 |url-status=live }}</ref> UNSW's low student satisfaction numbers for 2019 was attributed to the university's switch to a trimester system.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Baker |first1=Jordan |title=UNSW students least satisfied in the country, survey shows |url=https://www.smh.com.au/national/unsw-students-least-satisfied-in-the-country-due-to-trimesters-20200310-p548t0.html |website=The Sydney Morning Herald |date=10 March 2020 |publisher=Fairfax Media |access-date=19 June 2020 |archive-date=22 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200622070448/https://www.smh.com.au/national/unsw-students-least-satisfied-in-the-country-due-to-trimesters-20200310-p548t0.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In the 2021 Student Experience Survey, the University of New South Wales recorded the lowest student satisfaction rating out of all New South Wales universities, and the second lowest nationwide behind the [[University of Melbourne]], with an overall satisfaction rating of 66.9, which was lower than the overall national average of 73.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Carroll |first1=Lucy |last2=White |first2=Daniella |title=Top vice chancellors rake in million-dollar pay as student satisfaction recovers |url=https://www.smh.com.au/national/nsw/top-vice-chancellors-rake-in-million-dollar-pay-as-student-satisfaction-recovers-20220824-p5bcc9.html |website=The Sydney Morning Herald |date=25 August 2022 |access-date=28 August 2022}}</ref>

On 16 December 2019, the Kensington campus was equipped with [[Light rail|Light Rail]] service upon the opening of the [[CBD and South East Light Rail#UNSW High Street|UNSW High Street stop]] on the [[CBD and South East Light Rail|L2 Randwick Line]]  Randwick.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.inside.unsw.edu.au/campus-life/light-rail-new-era-travel-unsw-sydney|title=Light Rail: A new era of travel to UNSW Sydney|date=11 Dec 2019|institution=University of New South Wales}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.estate.unsw.edu.au/news/all-aboard-unsw-celebrates-arrival-light-rail|title=All aboard: UNSW celebrates the arrival of light rail|date=16 December 2019|institution=University of New South Wales}}</ref>

On 15 July 2020, the university announced 493 job cuts and a 25 percent reduction in management due to the effects of [[Coronavirus disease 2019|COVID-19]] and a $370 million budget shortfall.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Brown|first=Natalie|date=15 July 2020|title=COVID-19 strikes again with more cuts|work=[[The Queensland Times]]|url=https://www.qt.com.au/news/covid-19-strikes-again-with-more-cuts/4057954/|access-date=15 July 2020|archive-date=15 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200715212250/https://www.qt.com.au/news/covid-19-strikes-again-with-more-cuts/4057954/|url-status=live}}</ref>

In October 2021, UNSW established Mentem by UNSW<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.inside.unsw.edu.au/social-impact/unsw-launches-workplace-learning-business-meet-future-skills-gaps | title=UNSW launches workplace learning business to meet future skills gaps }}</ref> to help organisations upskill and reskill their workforces. Mentem<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mentem.co|title=Home &#124; Mentem by UNSW}}</ref> helps organisation achieve strategic goals and measures completion and success rates through their bespoke insights platform. In September 2022 Mentem won Best in Class at the Australian Good Design awards<ref>{{cite web | url=https://newsroom.unsw.edu.au/news/general/mentem-unsw-wins-australian-good-design-award#:~:text=The%20Best%20in%20Class%20award,NSW%20and%20McKinsey%20and%20Company | title=Mentem by UNSW wins Australian Good Design Award | date=17 September 2022 }}</ref> for the work with Department of regional NSW government, creating a learning program to uplift staff in digital literacy.

In May 2022, UNSW announced the university had received a $4.7 million in funding in order to pursue health prevention research. The funding aims to fund research on infectious diseases, drug and alcohol use and primary health care. Announced as part of NSW Health's Prevention Research Support Program (PRSP), the research is designed to support NWS research organisations conducting prevention and early intervention research.<ref>{{cite journal|date=19 May 2022|url=https://www.miragenews.com/unsw-receives-4-7m-to-pursue-health-prevention-784927/|title=UNSW receives $4.7m to pursue health prevention research|journal=Miragenews|access-date=19 May 2022}}</ref>