Editing University of New Brunswick (section)

==History==

===Founding and charters===
In 1783, [[Loyalist (American Revolution)|Loyalist]] settlers began to build upon the ruins of a former [[Acadian]] village called Ste-Anne-des-Pays-Bas. The new settlement was named Frederick's Town in honour of [[Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany|Prince Frederick]], son of [[George III of the United Kingdom|King George III]] and uncle of [[Queen Victoria]].<ref name="Fredericton">[http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/literary-tour/027020-2020-e.html "Fredericton"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130601061038/http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/literary-tour/027020-2020-e.html |date=June 1, 2013 }}. ''Collections Canada''. Retrieved March 3, 2012.</ref>

Initially modelled on the [[Anglican]] ideals of older, European institutions, the University of New Brunswick was founded in 1785 as the Academy of Liberal Arts and Sciences,<ref name="CanEncyc">{{Cite encyclopedia| last = Kernaghan| first = Lois| title = University of New Brunswick| encyclopedia = The Canadian Encyclopedia| access-date = October 5, 2014| date = December 16, 2013| url = http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/university-of-new-brunswick/| url-status = dead| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150911115746/http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/university-of-new-brunswick/| archive-date = September 11, 2015}}</ref> following a petition to the Governor-in-Council on December 13, 1785.<ref name="UNBHistory1966">{{cite news |title=UNB Traces Start To The Loyalists |url=https://da.tj.news/viewer?opub=Evening_Times_Globe&date=19660621&page=47&filename=EveningTimesGlobe_19660621_ETG_19660621_0047 |access-date=18 September 2023 |work=Evening Times Globe |date=June 21, 1966 |archive-date=September 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230923170736/https://da.tj.news/login |url-status=live }}</ref> The petition requesting the establishment of the school, titled "The Founders' Petition of 1785," was addressed to Governor [[Thomas Carleton]] and was signed by seven Loyalist men: [[William Paine (physician)|William Paine]], [[William Wanton]], George Sproule, [[Zephaniah Kingsley Sr.|Zephaniah Kingsley, Sr.]], [[John Coffin (judge)|John Coffin]], [[Ward Chipman]], and Adino Paddock.<ref name="The Founders' Petition of 1785">[http://www.lib.unb.ca/225/petition.html "The Founders' Petition of 1785"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120629140014/http://www.lib.unb.ca/225/petition.html |date=June 29, 2012 }}. ''UNB Libraries''. Retrieved March 3, 2012.</ref>
{{blockquote|style=text-align:justify; | To his Excellency Thomas Carleton Esquire Governor Captain General, and Commander in Chief, of the Province of New Brunswick, and the territories thereunto belonging, Vice Admiral Chancellor &c &c &c: —
Your memorialists whose names are hereunto subscribed, beg leave to represent, and state to your consideration the Necessity and expediency of an early attention to the Establishment in this Infant Province of an Academy, or School of liberal Arts and Sciences.

Your Excellency need not be reminded of the many Peculiarities attending the Settlement of this Country The Settlement of other Provinces has generally originated in the voluntary Exertions of a few enterprising Individuals, unincumbered, and prosecuting their Labor at their Leisure, and as they found it convenient, and most for their Advantage – Far different is the Situation in which the loyal Adventurers here find themselves – Many of them upon removing had Sons, whose Time of life, and former Hopes, call for an immediate attention to their Education – Many publick advantages, and many Conveniences would result to Individuals could this be affected within this Province, the Particulars of which it is unnecessary to ennumerate – Your Memorialists do therefore most earnestly request your Excellency will be pleased to grant a Charter for the establishing, and founding such an Academy . . .<ref name="The Founders' Petition of 1785"/>}}

[[File:Jonathan Odell, New Brunswick Museum, Saint John, NB.png|right|thumb|160px|N.B. Secretary [[Jonathan Odell]] (1737–1818)]]
In response to the request, Carleton requested a drawn "draft charter" modelled on King's College and 6,000 acres of reserved land in Fredericton Parish for the proposed institution.<ref name="UNBHistory1966"/> By an 1800 provincial charter, signed by [[Provincial Secretary]] [[Jonathan Odell]], the Academy of Liberal Arts and Sciences was transformed into the College of New Brunswick.<ref name="Historical Sketch of UNB">[https://www.unb.ca/aboutunb/history/historicalsketch.html "Historical Sketch of UNB"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150414183443/http://www.unb.ca/aboutunb/history/historicalsketch.html |date=April 14, 2015 }}. ''About UNB''. Retrieved March 3, 2012.</ref> The college was succeeded by King's College, which was granted by royal charter in December 1827. King's College operated under the control of the [[Church of England]] until 1859, when it was made non-sectarian by an act of the provincial legislature that transformed the college into the University of New Brunswick.<ref name="UNB's Heraldic Tapestries">[http://www.lib.unb.ca/225/tapestries.html "UNB's Heraldic Tapestries"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110106095155/http://www.lib.unb.ca/225/tapestries.html |date=January 6, 2011 }}. ''UNB Libraries''. Retrieved March 3, 2012.</ref> In 1866, Mary Kingsley Tibbits became the first regularly admitted female student of UNB. By 1867, the University of New Brunswick had two faculties: Arts and Applied Science. It awarded the degrees of Bachelor of Arts, Bachelor of Science, Master of Arts, and [[Doctor of Science]]. The latter was awarded only in the fields of civil engineering, [[electrical engineering]], and [[forestry]].

UNB was one of only two schools in Canada in the late 1800s that offered a Forestry Engineering degree (the other being the University of Toronto). So when the federal government began creating Dominion Forests on federal land in Western Canada between 1899 and 1906, most of the first Forest Rangers were from UNB.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Valley Echoes: Life Along the Red Deer River Basin|last=Hudson Bay & District Cultural Society|publisher=Inter-Collegiate Press|year=1982|location=Winnipeg, Manitoba}}</ref>

===20th/21st centuries===
[[File:Max Aitken, Lord Beaverbrook.jpg|thumb|160px|Chancellor [[Max Aitken, Lord Beaverbrook|Lord Beaverbrook]], the university's greatest benefactor.]]
[[File:The Harriet Irving Library.JPG|right|thumb|267px|Harriet Irving Library]]
In 1906, UNB established a bicameral system of university government consisting of a senate responsible for academic policy, and a board of governors exercising exclusive control over financial policy and other matters. The president, appointed by the board, was to provide a link between the two bodies and to provide institutional leadership. At this time, the university had 156 male students, 21 female students, and only eleven academic staff, who were all male.<ref>Dominion Bureau of Statistics, ''Canada Year Book 1921'', Ottawa, 1922.</ref>

In 1964, a second, smaller campus was established in [[Saint John, New Brunswick]]. The growth of the UNBSJ campus is particularly notable, for the campus began with only 96 students spread throughout various buildings in Saint John's central business district. In 1968, UNBSJ moved to its new home at Tucker Park.

[[File:Ludlow Hall 2.jpg|right|thumb|267px|Ludlow Hall, [[University of New Brunswick Faculty of Law|Law Faculty]]]]
In 1968, the university's governance structure was reorganized with the aim of giving faculty members control of academic affairs. The UNB Act of 1968 led to the formation of two governing bodies, both chaired by the president. The Board of Governors, whose role was to oversee and give guidance to president as "chief executive officer" was to have four faculty representatives, while the majority of the Senate was to be made up of faculty members elected by their peers.<ref name = Kent>{{Cite book| publisher = Formac| isbn = 978-1-4595-0148-5| last = Kent, Peter C.| title = Inventing Academic Freedom: The 1968 Strax Affair at the University of New Brunswick| location = Halifax, NS| date = 2012}}</ref>{{rp|50}}

The [[Association of University of New Brunswick Teachers]] (AUNBT) was established in 1954; in 1979, this association became the bargaining agent for all full-time academic staff, and in 2008, it achieved certification for contract academic staff.

Throughout the 20th century, the University of New Brunswick held annual [[convocation]]s during the month of October. One of the more notable convocations occurred on October 8, 1957 when [[United States Senator]] [[John F. Kennedy]] attended as a [[guest speaker]] and was the recipient of an honorary [[Doctor of Laws]] degree. His younger brother, [[Robert F. Kennedy]], attended another convocation on October 12, 1967, where he delivered the main address and was granted the same degree as his brother.<ref>{{cite news |title=When the lads of Camelot came to visit province |url=https://da.tj.news/viewer?opub=Daily_Gleaner&date=20001014&page=14&filename=0504_DG_A046685 |access-date=18 September 2023 |work=Daily Gleaner |date=October 14, 2000 |archive-date=September 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230923170524/https://da.tj.news/login |url-status=live }}</ref>

====Relocation of the Faculty of Law====
{{Main|University of New Brunswick Faculty of Law}}
In 1959, the Faculty of Law moved from Saint John to Fredericton following a report on the status of legal education in Canada by Professor Maxwell Cohen from McGill University, claiming that the Saint John Law School was only "nominally a faculty of UNB". This prompted Chancellor [[Max Aitken, Lord Beaverbrook|Lord Beaverbrook]] and UNB President [[Colin B. Mackay]] to permanently move the Law School despite the Dean's objections.