Editing University of Kansas (section)

==History==
{{Main|History of the University of Kansas}}
On February 20, 1863, Kansas Governor [[Thomas Carney]] signed into law a bill creating the state university in Lawrence.<ref name="KHS">{{cite web|url=http://www.kshs.org/p/kansas-historical-quarterly-the-university-of-kansas/13175|title=History of KU – Kansas Historical Society|website=Kshs.org|access-date=October 12, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120805130939/http://www.kshs.org/p/kansas-historical-quarterly-the-university-of-kansas/13175|archive-date=August 5, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> The law was conditioned upon a gift from Lawrence of a $15,000 endowment fund and a site for the university, in or near the town, of not less than {{convert|40|acre|ha|abbr=off|spell=in}} of land.<ref name=Griffin>{{cite web|last=Griffin|first=C.S.|title=The University of Kansas and the Years of Frustration, 1854–64|url=http://www.kshs.org/publicat/khq/1966/66_1_griffin.htm|access-date=December 4, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100220080448/http://www.kshs.org/publicat/khq/1966/66_1_griffin.htm|archive-date=February 20, 2010|url-status=live}}</ref> If Lawrence failed to meet these conditions, [[Emporia, Kansas|Emporia]] instead of Lawrence would get the university.

The site selected for the university was a hill known as Hogback Ridge (later known as [[Mount Oread]]), which was privately donated by [[Charles L. Robinson]], the Republican governor of the state of Kansas from 1861 to 1863, and one of the original settlers of Lawrence, Kansas. Robinson and his wife Sara bestowed the {{convert|40|acre|ha|adj=on}} site to the State of Kansas in exchange for land elsewhere.<ref name=Griffin/> The philanthropist [[Amos Adams Lawrence]] donated $10,000 of the necessary endowment fund, and the citizens of Lawrence raised the remaining money themselves via private donations.<ref name=Griffin/> On November 2, 1863, Governor Carney announced Lawrence had met the conditions to get into the state university, and the following year the university was officially organized.<ref name=Cyclopedia>{{cite web|title=Kansas: A Cyclopedia of State History|url=http://skyways.lib.ks.us/genweb/archives/1912/u/university_of_kansas.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110504195727/http://skyways.lib.ks.us/genweb/archives/1912/u/university_of_kansas.html|archive-date=May 4, 2011}}</ref>
The school's Board of Regents held its first meeting in March 1865, which is the event that KU dates its founding from.<ref name=Established/><ref>{{cite web|title=KU150|url=https://ku150.ku.edu/|access-date=April 22, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140503020515/http://ku150.ku.edu/|archive-date=May 3, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> Work on the first college building began later that year.<ref name=Cyclopedia/> The school opened for classes on September 12, 1866, and the first class graduated in 1873.<ref name=Cyclopedia/> According to William L. Burdick, the first degree awarded by the university was a [[Doctor of Divinity]], bestowed upon noted abolitionist preacher [[Richard Cordley]].<ref name=xiii>{{cite book|last1=Burdick|first1=William L.|title=Sermons|date=1912|publisher=Bumford Press|location=[[Concord, NH]]|page=xiii|url=https://archive.org/stream/sermonsbyrichard00cord/sermonsbyrichard00cord_djvu.txt|chapter=An Appreciation|access-date=May 3, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190323100629/https://archive.org/stream/sermonsbyrichard00cord/sermonsbyrichard00cord_djvu.txt|archive-date=March 23, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>

During the early development of the University of Kansas, Chancellors [[Joshua Lippincott]], [[Francis H. Snow]], and [[Frank Strong]], along with the Kansas Board of Regents, worked to establish the university as not only a center for higher education but also a representative agency of the state. Snow, who served from 1890 to 1901, emphasized scientific research and public engagement, while Strong, beginning in 1902, advanced the university’s role in public service. This vision aligned with the sentiments expressed by Professor M. S. Ward, who stated in 1891 that "Students should find in the University preparation for all the various pursuits and callings of society. The ultimate aim of our own State University ought to be [promoting] the highest Christian culture, an ample professional training, [which] will make our civilization the highest possible on earth."<ref>{{cite book | last=Griffin | first=Clifford S. | title=The University of Kansas: A History | date=1974 | publisher=University Press of Kansas | location=Lawrence | pages=86, 91 }}</ref>

In an effort to appeal to the predominantly Christian population of Kansas, many of who in the early history of the university were critical of state money being used to fund a secular institution, Chancellor Lippincott sought to reassure the public that the University of Kansas maintained strong Christian values. In response to a concerned parent questioning the university’s mission, Lippincott wrote, "The University is a Christian institution founded by a Christian state. We have daily prayers conducted for the most part by members of the Faculty of whom nearly all are Christian and several ministers of the Gospel."<ref name="Griffin 1974 82–83">{{cite book | last=Griffin | first=Clifford S. | title=The University of Kansas: A History | date=1974 | publisher=University Press of Kansas | location=Lawrence | pages=82–83 }}</ref>

Although the university was a secular institution, religion remained a central cultural force among students. In an 1880 community letter, an anonymous student reflected on the broader moral and spiritual purpose of education at KU, writing, "We are all seeking the truth, we are all earnest in our effort to correctly solve the great problem of a worthy and useful existence—we all recognize the wonderful features of a Christian age and a Christian country and we all hope to be true men and women [of the country] and almost all acknowledge that in accomplishing this we need an inspiration which is not of this earth nor fashioned after this world."<ref name="Griffin 1974 82–83"/>

Chancellor Lippincott emphasized the importance of individual development in higher education, distinguishing universities from more rigid collegiate institutions in other parts of the country. In a lecture to students, [[James Marvin (academic)|James Marvin]], the third Chancellor of the University stated, "Higher education should aid students to realize all their potentialities, but only in a university are all individualities respected. Colleges that require all students [to] follow the same course have a factory air about them. Students go through the same milling process and come out machines, but God did not intend man to be a machine, and the University of Kansas should be about His work."<ref>{{cite book | last=Griffin | first=Clifford S. | title=The University of Kansas: A History | date=1974 | publisher=University Press of Kansas | location=Lawrence | page=81 }}</ref>

Beginning in 1880, the University began to field intercollegiate athletics programs, starting with baseball. The University would introduce football in 1890, men's basketball in 1898, a women's club basketball team in 1902, and various other varsity athletics programs throughout the 20th century.

During World War I, the University of Kansas became a key training ground for military personnel, and courses were added for male students to reflect this. Military drills and coursework in military science were made mandatory for male students, and in 1918, KU established a unit of the Students' Army Training Corps (SATC) to provide academic and military instruction. Faculty contributed to war-related research, while female students supported Red Cross efforts. Chancellor Frank Strong emphasized KU’s role in preparing students for both military service and national responsibility.<ref>{{cite book | last=Griffin | first=Clifford S. | title=The University of Kansas: A History | date=1974 | publisher=University Press of Kansas | location=Lawrence | page=371 }}</ref> Strong was a vocal opponent of the United States entering a foreign war, and helped found the Kansas Branch of the [[League to Enforce Peace]] in 1915, which was a collection of activists who were opposed to American involvement in foreign conflicts. Strong advocated for patriotism during his later years as Chancellor, stating at the University Assembly in 1915 that "it is America's destiny to preserve Western Civilization, which seems to be destroying itself abroad. While the youth of Europe are on its battlefields, the youth of America must seek higher education to enable them to carry on the material for the leadership of the world. America and its universities, with the University of Kansas having a big place among them, must become the center of the greatest intellectual life that the next generation should know." In April 1917, after Congress declared a state of war, Strong sent a letter to Congress stating that the University "has always been loyal to country and to the flag, and always will be."<ref>{{cite book | last=Griffin | first=Clifford S. | title=The University of Kansas: A History | date=1974 | publisher=University Press of Kansas | location=Lawrence | page=372}}</ref>

During World War II, Kansas was one of 131 colleges and universities nationally that took part in the [[V-12 Navy College Training Program]], which offered students a path to a Navy commission.<ref name="kansas-v-12">{{cite web |url=http://www2.ku.edu/~kunrotc/about.shtml|title=History of the Jayhawk Battalion|publisher=University of Kansas|access-date=September 27, 2011|year=2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121027084351/http://www2.ku.edu/~kunrotc/about.shtml|archive-date=October 27, 2012}}</ref>

===Landmarks and structures===
[[File:KansasCampanile.jpg|thumb|left|Kansas War Memorial Campanile]]
[[File:Watson Library.JPG|thumb|Watson Library, the main branch of the KU Libraries system]]

KU is home to the [[Robert J. Dole Institute of Politics]], the [[Beach Center on Disability]], [[Lied Center of Kansas]] and radio stations [[KJHK]], 90.7 FM, and KANU, 91.5 FM. The university is also host to several significant museums. These include the [[University of Kansas Natural History Museum]], founded in 1927, which contains important collections in mammalogy, ornithology, vertebrate paleontology, and entomology; and the [[Spencer Museum of Art]], founded in 1928, home to a wide variety of cultural materials from all around the world, with a particular emphasis on American Indian materials. The libraries of the university include Watson Library,<ref>{{cite web |title=Watson Library |url=https://lib.ku.edu/locations/watson |publisher=University of Kansas |access-date=January 27, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202041633/https://lib.ku.edu/locations/watson |archive-date=February 2, 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Kenneth Spencer Research Library]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Kenneth Spencer Research Library |url=https://spencer.lib.ku.edu/ |publisher=University of Kansas |access-date=January 27, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170126120000/https://spencer.lib.ku.edu/ |archive-date=January 26, 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref> the [[Murphy Art and Architecture Library]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Murphy Art & Architecture Library|url=https://lib.ku.edu/locations/art-and-architecture|publisher=University of Kansas|access-date=January 27, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202042900/https://lib.ku.edu/locations/art-and-architecture|archive-date=February 2, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> Thomas Gorton Music & Dance Library,<ref>{{cite web|title=Thomas Gorton Music and Dance Library|url=https://lib.ku.edu/locations/music-and-dance|publisher=University of Kansas|access-date=January 27, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202045908/https://lib.ku.edu/locations/music-and-dance|archive-date=February 2, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> and Anschutz Library.<ref>{{cite web|title=Anschutz Library|url=https://lib.ku.edu/locations/anschutz|publisher=University of Kansas|access-date=January 27, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202035428/https://lib.ku.edu/locations/anschutz|archive-date=February 2, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> Of athletic note, the university is home to [[Allen Fieldhouse]], which is heralded as one of the greatest basketball arenas in the world, and [[David Booth Kansas Memorial Stadium]], which is the eighth oldest college football stadium in the country.<ref>{{cite web |title=A Historic Look at FBS College Football's Oldest Stadiums |url=https://www.hotels4teams.com/fbs-college-football-oldest-stadiums/ |website=Hotel4Teams.com |date=June 7, 2018 |access-date=April 16, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190416184631/https://www.hotels4teams.com/fbs-college-football-oldest-stadiums/ |archive-date=April 16, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>


[[File:Wescoe Hall in Autumn 2021.jpg|thumb|Wescoe Hall in the Fall, part of the Liberal Arts Department]]