Editing University of Arizona (section)

==History==
[[File:OldMain UofA 1889.jpg|thumb|Old Main in 1889]]
After the passage of the [[Morrill Land-Grant Acts|Morrill Land-Grant Act of 1862]], the push for a university in Arizona grew. The Arizona Territory's "[[Thieving Thirteenth]]" Legislature approved the University of Arizona in 1885 and selected the city of Tucson to receive the appropriation to build the university. Tucson hoped to receive the appropriation for the territory's mental hospital, which carried a $100,000 allocation instead of the $25,000 allotted to the territory's only university (Arizona State University was also chartered in 1885, but it was created as Arizona's [[normal school]], and not a university<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-27 |title=Arizona State University {{!}} Sun Devils, Tempe, Research {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Arizona-State-University |access-date=2024-02-28 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en |archive-date=January 19, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240119204947/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Arizona-State-University |url-status=live }}</ref>).{{citation needed|date=February 2017}} Flooding on the [[Salt River (Arizona)|Salt River]] delayed Tucson's legislators, and by they time they reached [[Prescott, Arizona|Prescott]], back-room deals allocating the most desirable territorial institutions had been made. Tucson was largely disappointed with receiving what was viewed as an inferior prize.

With no parties willing to provide land for the new institution, the citizens of Tucson prepared to return the money to the Territorial Legislature until two gamblers and a saloon keeper decided to donate 40 acres to the Board of Regents.<ref name="History 3a">{{cite web| title=The Founding of the University: Myths and Heroes| date=March 6, 2001| access-date=Aug 11, 2019| url=https://uanews.arizona.edu/story/the-founding-of-the-university-myths-and-heroes| archive-date=August 11, 2019| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190811160944/https://uanews.arizona.edu/story/the-founding-of-the-university-myths-and-heroes| url-status=live}}</ref> Construction of [[Old Main, University of Arizona|Old Main]], the first building on campus, began on October 27, 1887, and classes met for the first time in 1891 with 32 students in Old Main, which is still in use today.<ref name="History 3">{{cite web | title=The Old Main | publisher=Arizona Board of Regents | year=2005 | work=UA History | access-date=March 29, 2006 | url=http://www.arizona.edu/tours/history/history3.php |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060211105338/http://www.arizona.edu/tours/history/history3.php <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date = February 11, 2006}}</ref> Because there were no high schools in Arizona Territory, the university maintained separate preparatory classes for the first 23 years of operation.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A look at Wildcat history from the University's founding up to Homecoming 2021 {{!}} UA@Work |url=https://uaatwork.arizona.edu/lqp/look-wildcat-history-universitys-founding-homecoming-2021 |access-date=2024-02-29 |website=uaatwork.arizona.edu |archive-date=February 12, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240212234054/https://uaatwork.arizona.edu/lqp/look-wildcat-history-universitys-founding-homecoming-2021 |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 1924, during [[Cloyd H. Marvin|Cloyd Marvin]]'s tenure as president, the university was recognized by the [[Association of American Universities]].<ref>{{Cite book |title=The 1926 Desert |publisher=Student Body of the University of Arizona |year=1926 |volume=XVI |pages=19}}</ref>

===Modern times===
Three professors were murdered at the school in a [[2002 University of Arizona shooting|shooting]] in 2002. The perpetrator, who then shot himself, was a student who had failed out of the school. He mailed a 22 page letter to the ''[[Arizona Daily Star]]'' announcing his reasons, naming two of the killed professors in the letter; following the shooting, the ''Daily Star'' made the controversial decision to publish the letter.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rotstein |first=Arthur H. |date=2002-10-30 |title=Gunman's letter tries to explain university shootings |url=https://azdailysun.com/gunmans-letter-tries-to-explain-university-shootings/article_7fc942b7-2411-5e32-93cc-2be3e46b522d.html |access-date=2024-02-05 |work=[[Arizona Daily Sun]] |language=en-US}}</ref>

On April 17, 2020, the University of Arizona announced temporary pay cuts and furloughs to its 15,000 employees as its Tucson campus shut down due to the COVID-19 pandemic. All employees making up to $150,000 per year were furloughed, with the length determined by each employees' salary. For employees making more than $150,000 per year, pay cuts of 17% or 20% were instituted.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bizjournals.com/phoenix/news/2020/04/18/university-of-arizona-sets-pay-cuts-furloughs-for.html|title=University of Arizona sets staff pay cuts, furloughs, freezes student tuition|website=www.bizjournals.com|access-date=2020-04-28|archive-date=March 8, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308225549/https://www.bizjournals.com/phoenix/news/2020/04/18/university-of-arizona-sets-pay-cuts-furloughs-for.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

Also in 2020, the University of Arizona announced it had purchased [[Ashford University]] from [[Zovio]] and renamed it [[The University of Arizona Global Campus]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Zovio |title=Zovio Announces Historic Higher Education Transaction |url=https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/zovio-announces-historic-higher-education-transaction-2020-12-01?tesla=y |website=marketwatch.com |access-date=2 December 2020 }}{{Dead link|date=December 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> The purchase was heavily criticized, particularly by University of Arizona faculty members.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Steinberg |first1=Jake |title=Eller faculty warned UA purchase of for-profit university would be 'catastrophic' |url=https://www.azpm.org/p/home-articles-news/2020/8/4/177840-eller-faculty-warned-ua-purchase-of-for-profit-university-would-be-catastrophic/ |website=www.azpm.org |publisher=Arizona Public Media |access-date=1 September 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Castiello-Gutiérrez |first1=Santiago |title=GUEST LETTER: The University of Arizona and the myth of the 'Global Campus' |url=https://www.wildcat.arizona.edu/article/2020/09/o-global-campus-myth |website=www.wildcat.arizona.edu |publisher=The Daily Wildcat |access-date=1 September 2021 |archive-date=March 27, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230327145027/https://www.wildcat.arizona.edu/article/2020/09/o-global-campus-myth |url-status=dead }}</ref> As Ashford was being purchased by the University of Arizona, it was the subject of an investigation by the Attorney General of Massachusetts, a lawsuit from the Attorney General of California, and a formal notification of concern from the university's accreditor.<ref>{{cite web |title=ZOVIO Announces Resolution of Massachusetts Inquiry |url=https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/zovio-announces-resolution-of-massachusetts-inquiry-2021-07-01-4183012?siteid=nbsh |website=www.marketwatch.com |publisher=Market Watch |access-date=2 July 2021 |archive-date=July 9, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709181849/https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/zovio-announces-resolution-of-massachusetts-inquiry-2021-07-01-4183012?siteid=nbsh |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Attorney General Bonta Continues Fight to Hold Ashford University Accountable for Defrauding and Deceiving California Students |url=https://oag.ca.gov/news/press-releases/attorney-general-bonta-continues-fight-hold-ashford-university-accountable |website=oag.ca.gov |date=8 November 2021 |publisher=California Attorney General |access-date=1 December 2021 |archive-date=September 30, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230930181749/https://oag.ca.gov/news/press-releases/attorney-general-bonta-continues-fight-hold-ashford-university-accountable |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Plmer |first1=Kathryn |title=After visit, accreditor keeps UA Global Campus on notice |url=https://tucson.com/news/local/education/college/after-visit-accreditor-keeps-ua-global-campus-on-notice/article_0691c19a-a3c0-11ec-a174-871d8c3d4753.html |website=tucson.com |date=15 March 2022 |access-date=October 3, 2023 |archive-date=August 22, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230822192533/https://tucson.com/news/local/education/college/after-visit-accreditor-keeps-ua-global-campus-on-notice/article_0691c19a-a3c0-11ec-a174-871d8c3d4753.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

A university professor was murdered on campus in October 2022, allegedly by a former student. Following the crime, the university commissioned an independent investigation of campus safety. Following that investigation and one of their own that faulted the university for failing to act on warnings and protect the campus, the university's faculty senate voted "[[Motion of no confidence|no confidence]]" in the president and many other leaders at the university.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.azcentral.com/story/news/local/arizona-education/2023/03/29/ua-president-no-confidence-vote-from-faculty/70057246007/ |title=UA Faculty Senate passes 'no confidence' vote on university president |first=Sarah |last=Lapidus |publisher=[[Arizona Republic]] |date=March 29, 2023 |accessdate=October 3, 2023 |archive-date=September 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230923132239/https://www.azcentral.com/story/news/local/arizona-education/2023/03/29/ua-president-no-confidence-vote-from-faculty/70057246007/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 2023, the University of Arizona faced a financial crisis, allegedly "losing track of more than $240 million through accounting errors and flawed financial projections."<ref>{{cite web |last1=Moody |first1=Josh |title=University of Arizona Miscalculated by Millions |url=https://www.insidehighered.com/news/business/financial-health/2023/11/16/university-arizona-miscalculated-cash-hand-millions |publisher=Inside Higher Education |access-date=14 December 2023 |archive-date=December 14, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231214174019/https://www.insidehighered.com/news/business/financial-health/2023/11/16/university-arizona-miscalculated-cash-hand-millions |url-status=live }}</ref> Subsequent investigative reporting by ''[[The Arizona Republic]]'' linked much of the crisis to the university's purchase of Ashford University, accusing university administrators of knowing that Ashford was experiencing "a downward enrollment spiral that began years before [the purchase] and dismal graduation and retention rates".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.azcentral.com/story/news/local/arizona-education/2024/01/25/how-university-of-arizona-global-campus-deal-has-affected-ua-finances/72347960007/ |title=UA President Robbins OK'd online school deal despite red flags. It's costing the university $265M |first1=Hannah |last1=Dreyfus |first2=Helen |last2=Rummel |publisher=[[The Arizona Republic]] |date=January 25, 2024 |accessdate=January 26, 2024 |archive-date=January 26, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240126014919/https://www.azcentral.com/story/news/local/arizona-education/2024/01/25/how-university-of-arizona-global-campus-deal-has-affected-ua-finances/72347960007/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

In April 2024, the UA chapter of [[Students for Justice in Palestine]] joined [[2024 pro-Palestinian protests on university campuses|student protests across the USA]] against the [[Gaza war|war in Gaza]], during what they called “[[Israeli apartheid|Israeli Apartheid]] Week”.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wolfe |first=Ellie |date=2024-04-25 |title=More than 200 protest at U of A against Israel's war actions |url=https://tucson.com/news/local/education/college/university-of-arizona-israel-gaza-war-protest/article_6585b738-0345-11ef-b8fa-3bb593fb8d5e.html |access-date=2024-09-29 |website=Arizona Daily Star |language=en |archive-date=December 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241214125814/https://tucson.com/news/local/education/college/university-of-arizona-israel-gaza-war-protest/article_6585b738-0345-11ef-b8fa-3bb593fb8d5e.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=From LA to NY, pro-Palestine college campus protests grow strong in US |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/gallery/2024/4/27/from-la-to-new-york-student-protests-in-support-of-palestine-grow-strong |access-date=2024-09-29 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en |archive-date=September 23, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240923202830/https://www.aljazeera.com/gallery/2024/4/27/from-la-to-new-york-student-protests-in-support-of-palestine-grow-strong |url-status=live }}</ref> The encampment was attacked and dispersed by police firing rubber bullets, tear gas and pepper balls. Bystanders and press were also hurt in the police violence.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lapidus |first=Sarah |title=Pro-Palestinian protest on UA campus ends in tear gas, rubber bullets, arrests. What's next? |url=https://www.azcentral.com/story/news/local/arizona-education/2024/05/01/what-to-know-about-pro-palestinian-protest-at-university-of-arizona/73532255007/ |access-date=2024-09-29 |website=The Arizona Republic |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-10 |title=Police disperse protesters at several campuses, use tear gas in Tucson - CBS News |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/police-use-tear-gas-to-disperse-protesters-at-university-of-arizona-tucson-campus/ |access-date=2024-09-29 |website=www.cbsnews.com |language=en-US |archive-date=July 17, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240717212136/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/police-use-tear-gas-to-disperse-protesters-at-university-of-arizona-tucson-campus/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=TucsonSentinel.com |last2=Ingram |first2=Paul |title=Photos: Police dash University of Arizona protest over Gaza with gas, pepper balls, rubber bullets |url=https://www.tucsonsentinel.com/local/report/051024_ua_gaza_protest/photos-police-dash-university-arizona-protest-over-gaza-with-gas-pepper-balls-rubber-bullets/ |access-date=2024-09-29 |website=TucsonSentinel.com |language=en-US}}</ref>  The students were protesting against UA involvement with companies supporting the "[[Palestinian genocide accusation|genocide]] and [[ethnic cleansing]] in [[Palestine]]" and called for [[Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions|divestment]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Garfoot |first=Grace |title=UA shuts down access to Mall after pro-Palestinian protests |url=https://wildcat.arizona.edu/155186/news/n-palestine-encampment-ua-mall/ |access-date=2024-09-29 |website=The Daily Wildcat |archive-date=October 5, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241005195851/http://wildcat.arizona.edu/155186/news/n-palestine-encampment-ua-mall/ |url-status=live }}</ref>