Editing Universal access to education (section)

== Non-discrimination and equality in education ==
[[File:Examples of marginalized groups.svg|thumb|Examples of marginalized groups]]
[[Human rights]] are internationally recognized as universal rights, therefore meaning it applies to everyone equally and without [[discrimination]]. However, a significant number of individuals miss out on education due to discrimination preventing access to education.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000366556|title=Right to education handbook|publisher=UNESCO|year=2019|isbn=978-92-3-100305-9}}</ref>

Discrimination occurs most prominently in terms of accessing education. For example, girls can face gender-based barriers such as [[child marriage]], [[pregnancy]], and [[Gender-based price discrimination in the United States|gender-based]] [[violence]] which often prevent them from going to school or contribute to them dropping-out of school.<ref name=":0" /> People with [[Disability|disabilities]] often face literal accessibility issues, such as a lack of ramps or insufficient school transportation, making it more difficult to get to school. Migrants often face administrative barriers that prevent them from enrolling, effectively barring them from education systems.<ref name=":0" /> 

Girls are dropped out of school to assist their families with domestic labour. Due to limited resources, sons are sent to school rather than girls.. Uniforms, tuition fees, textbooks, teacher salaries and school maintenance are part of hindrances to education. Poverty is a significant barrier accessing education. In sub-Saharan Africa, children from the richest 20% of households reach ninth grade at eleven times the rate of those from the poorest 40% of households.<ref name="k228">{{cite web | title=The Fight for Universal Education | website=Global Washington | date=2020-10-20 | url=https://globalwa.org/issue-brief/education/ | access-date=2024-06-30}}</ref>

However, discrimination also occurs within education systems when certain groups receiving an inferior quality of education compared with others, for instance, the quality of education in urban schools tends to be higher than that found in rural areas.<ref name=":0" /> 

Discrimination also happens after education where different groups of people are less likely to draw the same benefits from their schooling. For example, educated boys tend to leave school with higher wage potential than equally educated girls.<ref name=":0" />
[[File:Colored Memorial School, Brunswick, GA.JPG|thumb|262x262px|Colored Memorial School of Brunswick, Georgia was built in 1922]]
Non-discrimination and equality provisions found in [[international human rights law]] (IHRL) exist to ensure that the principle that international human rights are universal is applied in practice. Non-discrimination and equality are not abstract concepts under international human rights law (IHRL).<ref name=":0" /> They are elaborated [[human rights]] that have been developed over decades to address the discrimination that people face daily. Particularly education where the rights to non-discrimination and equality have been applied to the [[right to education]] across numerous human rights [[Treaty|treaties]], including one dedicated to the issue, known as [[UNESCO]] [[Convention Against Discrimination in Education|Convention against Discrimination in Education]].<ref name=":0" /> 

Despite the strength of non-discrimination and equality [[law]], eliminating discrimination and inequalities is a challenge that individual states and the international community face. This was acknowledged in 2015 when the international community vowed to ‘leave no one behind’.<ref name=":0" /> 

International and regional human rights treaties apply the rights to non-discrimination and equality to the [[right to education]] of specific [[Social exclusion|marginalised]] groups. Marginalized groups are those who have suffered prolonged and historical discrimination, usually, but not exclusively, on the basis of identity (gender, for example), characteristics (ethnicity, race), or circumstance ([[Refugee|refugees]], migrants, [[Internally displaced person|internally displaced persons]]). Marginalized groups are very likely to be subject to multiple, compound, or intersectional forms of discrimination.<ref name=":0" />

Examples of marginalised groups include:<ref name=":0" />

* girls and women 
* national, ethnic, and linguistic [[minority group|minorities]] 
* people with disabilities 
* [[Indigenous peoples|indigenous people]] 

* migrants
* refugees
* [[Asylum seeker|asylum-seekers]]
* [[statelessness|stateless persons]]
* [[Internally displaced person|internally displaced persons]] (IDPs)
*persons in detention / persons deprived of liberty
* people living in [[poverty]]
* people living in [[Rural area|rural]] areas
* people affected by [[HIV/AIDS|HIV]]
* people affected by [[albinism]]
* [[LGBT|LGBTQI]]
* older people and others
*pregnant girls and adolescent mothers<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2018-06-14|title=Leave No Girl Behind in Africa|url=https://www.hrw.org/report/2018/06/14/leave-no-girl-behind-africa/discrimination-education-against-pregnant-girls-and|access-date=2021-04-23|website=Human Rights Watch|language=en}}</ref>
*people living in countries or areas affected by [[War|armed conflict]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Attacks on Education {{!}} Human Rights Watch|url=https://www.hrw.org/topic/childrens-rights/attacks-education|access-date=2021-04-23|website=www.hrw.org}}</ref>